Józef Gosławski (sculptor)
Józef Jan Gosławski was a Polish sculptor and medallic artist. He was a designer of coins, monuments and medals. Laureate of many artistic competitions; decorated with the Silver Cross of Merit.
Biography
Józef Gosławski was born in Polanówka, in the Lublin Governorate of Congress Poland, but was brought up Wąwolnica with his parents, two brothers and two sisters. He began artistic education in the Building Crafts School founded by Jan Koszczyc-Witkiewicz in Kazimierz Dolny. After finishing this school he passed an exam to the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, but he was too young to begin studies. He continued his education in the National Decorative Arts and Artistic Industry School in Kraków. He was influenced by Stanisław Szukalski‘s, but he wasn't a member of the Horned Heart Tribe.In 1932, he finally begun studies in the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, where he was taught by professor Xawery Dunikowski. Then he moved to Warsaw, where he was taught by professor Tadeusz Breyer. He was awarded scholarship to study in Rome, where he was graduated in the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in 1937. During his stay in Italy, which ended in 1939, he took part in the exhibitions of Kapitol – a society of Polish artists. He also served as society’s vicechairman.
He returned to Poland in July 1939 to become a conservator of Royal Castle in Warsaw. He did not fill this position due to beginning of the Second World War. He spent the occupation years in Wąwolnica. After the end of the war he renovated, among others, a 17th-century House under St. Nicolaus in Kazimierz Dolny.
He held the Medal and Metal Sculpture Chair in the National Artistic School in Poznań from 1947, and was the chairman of Poznań district of the Association of Polish Artists and Designers for two terms of office. Married to his student Wanda Mankin in 1948, he had two daughters: Bożena Stefania and Maria Anna. He moved with his family to Warsaw in 1956, where he became a chairman of Sculpture Department of ZPAP central board. He died suddenly in Warsaw in 1963 at the beginning of a new artistic phase.
Art
Józef Gosławski was an author of numerous monuments and portrait sculptures, sculpture caricatures, medals, coins, renovations and drawings. His early works, generally not conserved, show some influence of cubism, Szukalski’s ideas, as well as forms similar to ideas of the Polish Applied Art society. Stay in Italy and a direct contact with its art changed Gosławski’s point of view – the portraits of Robert, Maria Maro and the Sicilian show strong influence of the antique studies. This influence, combined with the Italian Renaissance impact, are also seen in the early medals and plaques created in Rome. The before-war works were nearly completely lost during their way back to Poland in August 1939.The years of Second World War were not lost in the terms of artistic activity. War conditions forced him to interest in small sculpture forms. The medals created in those years were mainly related to the martyrdom of the Polish nation.
After the war he continued his work in the field of medals. He was a precursor of the withdrawal from classic form and shape of medals. He became a lonely connection of the Konstanty Laszczka and Józef Aumiller generation with later medallists. His strong position in medallic arts is confirmed with numerous awards and purchases of his works to museums in Poland and in Europe.
He returned to the monumental sculpture with the Adam Mickiewicz monument in Gorzów Wielkopolski, the Never war monument in Żabikowo near Poznań, a sculpture group called Music in Warsaw, and the Frédéric Chopin monument in Żelazowa Wola. He participated and won numerous contests for monument design, e.g. Heroes of Warsaw, Soldiers of I Army of People's Army of Poland and Bolesław Prus. He also created a monumental altar of the Transfiguration of Jesus in Masłów near Kielce.
Józef Gosławski’s works are difficult to classify. Constant prospecting and an artistic anxiety lead him to create in the different forms and materials. But the main focus of his art was always a human being - as a hero and in everyday life. Gosławski was modest and friendly, even his caricatures, the art type very rare among sculptors, are featured with benignant sense of humour rather than malice.
He was honoured with 14 individual exhibitions, and his works were presented on over 60 domestic and over 20 abroad exhibitions.
Participation in artistic competitions
List of solo exhibits
| Year | City | Institution | Number of works |
| 1933 | Kraków | Palace of Arts | ? |
| 1960 | Budapest | Ośrodek Kultury Polskiej | 30 |
| 1963 | Warsaw | Dom Wojska Polskiego | 49 |
| 1968 | Wrocław | Townhall | 80 |
| 1973 | Warszawa | Centralne Biuro Wystaw Artystycznych | 343 |
| 1974 | Warszawa | Galeria Wojskowa DWP | 34 |
| 1974 | Warka | Muzeum im. Kazimierza Pułaskiego | 56 |
| 1974 | Bydgoszcz | Regional Museum | 18 |
| 1987 | Lublin | Regional Museum | 76 |
| 1995 | Kazimierz Dolny | Muzeum Nadwiślańskie - Galeria Letnia | 80 |
| 1996 | Bolesławiec | Bolesławiecki Ośrodek Kultury | 70 |
| 1997 | Chełmno | Regional Museum | 50 |
| 2000 | Konin | Regional Museum | 84 |
| 2003 | Warszawa | Galeria Domu Artysty Plastyka | 105 |
| 2014 | Orońsko | Polish Sculpture Center | ? |
| 2014/2015 | Warsaw | Sculpture Museum in Rabbitery | ? |