JSL is a romanization system for transcribing the Japanese language into the Latin script. It was devised by Eleanor Jorden for her 1987 book . The system is based on Kunrei-shiki romanization. It is designed for teaching spokenJapanese, and so, it follows Japanese phonemes fairly closely. For example, different conjugations of a verb may be achieved by changing the final vowel, thus "bear a direct relation to Japanese structure", whereas the common Hepburn romanization may require exceptions in some cases, in order to more clearly illustrate pronunciation to native English speakers. JSL differs from Hepburn particularly in that it uses doubled vowels, rather than macrons, to represent the long vowels and. Tokyo and Osaka, for instance, would be written and in JSL. Also, JSL represents ん, the syllabic n, as an "n" with a macron over it,, to avoid the practice that other systems use of sometimes writing and sometimes depending on the presence of a following vowel or. There is a close tie between Japanese pronunciation and JSL, where one consistent symbol is given for each Japanese phoneme. This means that it does depart from Japanese orthography somewhat, as おう is romanized as when it indicates a long, but as when it indicates two distinct vowel sounds, such as in for 思う. Similarly, is reserved for the pronunciation only, whereas other romanization systems follow the hiraganaorthography, therefore making it impossible to tell whether or are represented. It also distinguishes between, which is used when only a sound is possible, and, which is used when a velar nasal sound is also possible. The particles は and へ are romanized and, in accordance with their pronunciation. However, like Kunrei-shiki and Nihon-shiki, JSL does not distinguish between allophones in Japanese which are close to different phonemes in English. JSL indicates the pitch accent of each mora. A vowel with an acute accent denotes the first high-pitch mora, a graveaccent marks the last high-pitch mora, and a circumflex marks the only high-pitch mora in a word. In this system 日本 'Japan' would be written and 二本 'two ' as, 端です 'It's the edge' would be
