Lamouroux was born in Agen in the Aquitaine of southwestern France, the son of Claude Lamouroux, an intellectual who made his livelihood in manufacturing, but who was also a musician, a one-term mayor of Agen, and a co-founder of the Academic Society of Agen. Jean Vincent Lamouroux studied botany at the Boudon de Saint-Amans school in Agen. Lamouroux was particularly interested in marine organisms such as algae and hydrozoans. In 1805 he published a dissertation on several species of Fucus before settling in Paris in 1807, after his father went into bankruptcy. In 1807, Lamouroux was appointed to the French Academy of Sciences and in 1808 he became assistant professor of natural history at the University of Caen, rising to full professorship by 1811. He joined the Linnean Society of Calvados and contributed to its publications, collaborating with his friend Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent. About this time he became director of the Caen Botanical Gardens. He contributed articles to the journal Annales générales des sciences physiques and to the Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. Lamouroux was the first to make the distinction between green algae, brown algae and red algae. In 1813, Dawson Turner adopted Lamouroux's classification system for algae, providing it with international credence. Lamouroux was also interested in other classification systems in marine biology. On which he published two notable works:
Histoire des Polypiers coralligènes flexibles, vulgairement nommés ZoophytesCaen
Exposition méthodique des genres de l'ordre des polypiers Paris.
In 1821 he published a "Résumé d’un cours élémentaire de géographie physique" exploring the foundations of atmospheric science, hydrography, astronomy, and geology. Lamouroux's interest in fossils was quite broad. He collected reptilian fossils in the Jurassic of Normandy and communicated some of them to Georges Cuvier. In 1825, Lamouroux died in Caen. He was most influential on his student Arcisse de Caumont, who succeeded him in his chair at the University of Caen.
Species
Among the species that Lamouroux identified and described are: He also described genera such as Desmarestia.
