Knickerbocker Club
The Knickerbocker Club is a gentlemen's club in New York City that was founded in 1871. It is considered to be the most exclusive club in the United States and one of the most aristocratic and selective clubs in the world.
The term "Knickerbocker", partly due to writer Washington Irving's use of the pen name Diedrich Knickerbocker, was a byword for a New York patrician, comparable to a "Boston Brahmin".
Relationships with other clubs
The Knickerbocker Club has reciprocal arrangements with the following clubs:- Jockey Club in Paris
- :it:Circolo della caccia |Circolo della Caccia in Rome
- Cercle Royal du Parc in Brussels
- Metropolitan Club in Washington D.C.
- Boodle's in London
- Brooks's in London
- :sv:Nya Sällskapet|Nya Sällskapet in Stockholm
- Jockey Club für Österreich in Wien
- Turf Club in Lisbon
- Nuevo Club in Madrid
- :nl:Haagsche Club|Haagsche Club in The Hague
- Norske Selskab in Oslo
- :fr: Nouveau Cercle de l'Union|Nouveau Cercle de l'Union in Paris
- :es:Círculo de Armas|Círculo de Armas in Buenos Aires
- Australian Club in Sydney
- Kildare Street & University Club in Dublin
Notable members (not exhaustive)
- His Highness Prince Amyn Aga Khan, Imam of Nizari Ismailism
- Gianni Agnelli, Italian industrialist and principal shareholder of Fiat
- Sir Montagu Allan, banker, ship owner, lieutenant-colonel of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Son of Sir Hugh Allan, owner of the largest privately owned shipping empire in the world at the time, the Allan Shipping Line
- Chester Alan Arthur II, sportsman, art connoisseur, and son of President Chester A. Arthur. Descendant of Major General Uriah Stone, who served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution
- John Jacob Astor IV, great-great-grandson of John Jacob Astor, the richest man in America at the time. Member of the prominent Astor family – died in the Titanic
- His Royal Highness Prince Franz von Bayern, Duke of Bavaria, head of the House of Wittelsbach
- John Lambert Cadwalader, lawyer, United States Assistant Secretary of State. Descendant of John Cadwalader and Thomas Cadwalader. Member of the prominent and Van Cortlandt family
- Alexander Cartwright, author of the rules of an early version of baseball, from which the present game evolved. Descendant of Thomas Cartwright , Father of the House of Commons in Great Britain
- Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta, pretender to the throne of the Two Sicilies
- Finn M. W. Caspersen, attorney, corporate chief executive, philanthropist
- William A. Chanler, explorer, soldier and New York politician. Descendant of Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley, Member of Parliament of England, John Winthrop, one of the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and Peter Stuyvesant, the last Dutch Director of New Netherland from 1647 to 1664, after which it was renamed New York
- Henry Ives Cobb, Jr., architect and artist
- Edgar G. Crossman, lawyer, soldier, diplomat
- Frank Crowninshield, journalist, developer of Vanity Fair, member of the Boston Brahmin Crowninshield family.
- Robert Daniel, member of the U.S. House of Representatives. Descendant of William Randolph and Edmund Randolph.
- Michel David-Weill, French investment banker and former Chairman of Lazard Frères, art collector. Great-great-grandson of :fr:Alexandre Weill |Alexandre Weill, co-founder of Lazard Frères
- Johnston Livingston de Peyster, colonel during the civil war, and known for running for mayor of Tivoli-on-Hudson against his father, and winning. Member of the prominent De Peyster family and Livingston family. Great-great-great-grandson of Abraham de Peyster, an early Mayor of New York City, whose father was Johannes de Peyster. Descendant of William Livingston, 4th Lord Livingston
- Baron Frederick G. d’Hauteville, politician, member of the House of Hauteville
- Baron Paul G. d’Hauteville, Captain of the Red Cross, member of the House of Hauteville
- Count Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck, German film director, best known for writing and directing the 2006 Oscar-winning dramatic thriller The Lives of Others
- :fr:Amaury de La Grange|Baron Amaury de La Grange, aviator and politician
- H. B. Hollins, financier and railroad magnate. Prominent member of the New York patrician Hollins family
- Baron Rodolphe Hottinger, banker and member of the House of Hottinger
- Woodbury Kane, a noted yachtsman and bon vivant, and member of Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders. Great-great-grandson of John Jacob Astor
- Robert J. Livingston, businessman, member of the prominent Livingston family, which descends from the 4th Lord Livingston, and whose members include Robert Livingston the Elder and signers of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Several members were Lords of Livingston Manor.
- Joseph Florimond, Duke of Loubat, yachtsman, bibliophile, antiquarian, and philanthropist
- Anthony Dryden Marshall, theatrical producer, C.I.A. intelligence officer former ambassador. Great-great-grandson of John Fairfield Dryden, founder of Prudential Insurance Company and a United States Senator from 1902 to 1907.
- Frederick Townsend Martin, writer and anti-poverty advocate
- Paul Mellon, philanthropist and an owner/breeder of thoroughbred racehorses. Co-heir to one of America's greatest business fortunes; member of the prominent Mellon family
- Baron Jean de Ménil, Franco-American businessman, philanthropy, and art patron
- Count Gebhardt von Moltke, ambassador
- Marquis de Morès, famous duelist, railroad pioneer in Vietnam, and a politician in his native country France
- J. P. Morgan. banker and financier, descendant of William Morgan and Miles Morgan. Member of the prominent Morgan family. Resigned when a friend he had sponsored for membership was blackballed and founded the Metropolitan Club of New York
- Marquis Guy-Philippe de Montebello, director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Edward N. Ney, ambassador. Descendant of Michel Ney, Marshal of the Empire during the Napoleonic Wars
- Baron Peter Palumbo, property developer and art collector, member of the House of Lords
- Henry Hepburne-Scott, 10th Lord Polwarth, businessman, Minister of State of Scotland
- His Serene Highness Prince Dominik Radziwiłł, head of the House of Radziwiłł
- Prince Anthony Radziwill, member of the House of Radziwiłł
- Laurence Rockefeller, financier, philanthropist and major conservationist. Grandson of John D. Rockefeller, considered to be the richest person in modern history. Member of the Rockefeller family
- David Rockefeller, banker, chairman and chief executive of Chase Manhattan Corporation. Grandson of John D. Rockefeller, considered to be the richest person in modern history. Member of the Rockefeller family
- His Highness Prince Alexander Romanov, member of the House of Romanov
- Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, member of the patrician Roosevelt family
- Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, member of the patrician Roosevelt family – joined in 1903 upon his graduation from Harvard University. Resigned from the club in 1936 amid the furor surrounding his re-election campaign attacks on the "malefactors of great wealth."
- William Watts Sherman, businessman, member of the patrician Sherman family
- Count Clemens von Stauffenberg, art collector
- Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, noted industrialist and art collector
- Count Antoine Treuille de Beaulieu, Army General, known for developing the concept of rifled guns in the French Army.
- Count Mario di Valmarana, architect, owner of the Palladian Villa ”La Rotonda”
- Cornelius Vanderbilt III, general. Member of the prominent Vanderbilt family
- William K. Vanderbilt II, motor racing enthusiast and yachtsman, and a member of the prominent Vanderbilt family
- Craig Wadsworth, diplomat, steeplechase rider, and member of Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders. Grandson of Union general James S. Wadsworth. Scion of the prominent Wadsworth family of Connecticut, and descendant of one of the Founders of Hartford, Connecticut, William Wadsworth
- James Montaudevert Waterbury, Sr., businessman, industrialist. Member of the prominent Livingston family, which includes the 4th Lord Livingston, and signers of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution
- Henry White, U.S. ambassador, and one of the signers of the Treaty of Versailles.
- Robert Winthrop, banker, direct descendant of colonial governors John Winthrop, John Winthrop, Jr., and Fitz-John Winthrop.
- James T. Woodward, banker, avid hunter and horseman. Member of the prominent Woodward family
- Jerauld Wright, Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Atlantic Command and the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, and became the second Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, from April 1, 1954, to March 1, 1960, serving longer in these three positions than anyone else in history. Son of General William M. Wright. Descendant of Senator William Wright and George Mason IV, a Founding Father of the United States
On membership and assimilation into the upper class
E. Digby Baltzell explains in his book Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class: “The circulation of elites in America and the assimilation of new men of power and influence into the upper class takes place primarily through the medium of urban clubdom. Aristocracy of birth is replaced by an aristocracy of ballot. Frederick Lewis Allen showed how this process operated in the case of the nine “Lords of Creation” who were listed in the New York Social Register as of 1905: ‘The nine men who were listed were recorded as belonging to 9.4 clubs apiece,’ wrote Allen. ‘Though only two of them, Morgan and Vanderbilt, belonged to the Knickerbocker Club , Stillman and Harriman joined these two in the membership of the almost equally fashionable Union Club; Baker joined these four in the membership of the Metropolitan Club ; John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, and Rogers, along with Morgan and Baker were listed as members of the Union League Club ; seven of the group belonged to the New York Yacht Club. Morgan belonged to nineteen clubs in all; Vanderbilt, to fifteen; Harriman, to fourteen.’ Allen then goes on to show how the descendants of these financial giants were assimilated into the upper class: ‘By way of footnote, it may be added that although in that year only two of our ten financiers belonged to the Knickerbocker Club, in 1933 the grandsons of six of them did. The following progress is characteristic: John D. Rockefeller, Union League Club; John D. Rockefeller, Jr., University Club; John D. Rockefeller 3rd, Knickerbocker Club. Thus is the American aristocracy recruited.'”
Christopher Doob wrote in his book Social Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society: “Personal wealth has never been the sole basis for attaining membership in exclusive clubs. The individual and family must meet the admissions committee’s standards for values and behavior. Old money prevails over new money as the Rockefeller family experience suggests. John D. Rockefeller, the family founder and the nation’s first billionaire, joined the Union League Club, a fairly respectable but not top-level club; John D. Rockefeller, Jr., belonged to the University Club, a step up from his father; and finally his son John D. Rockefeller, III, reached the pinnacle with his acceptance into the Knickerbocker Club.”
History
The Knickerbocker Club was founded in 1871 by members of the Union Club of the City of New York who were concerned that the club's admission standards had fallen. By the 1950s, urban social club membership was dwindling, in large part because of the movement of wealthy families to the suburbs. In 1959, the Knickerbocker Club considered rejoining the Union Club, merging its 550 members with the Union Club's 900 men, but the plan never came to fruition.The Knick was the location of a fictional murder in Victoria Thompson's 2012 whodunit Murder on Fifth Avenue: A Gaslight Mystery.