László Németh


László Németh was a Hungarian dentist, writer, dramatist and essayist. He was born in Nagybánya the son of József Németh and Vilma Gaál. Over the Christmas of 1925, he married Ella Démusz, the daughter of János Démusz, a keeper of a public house. Between 1926 and 1944 they had six daughters, but two of them died in infancy. In 1959 he visited the Soviet Union. In the last part of his life he lived and worked in Tihany. He died from a stroke on 3 March 1975 in Budapest and was buried in Farkasréti Cemetery, Budapest, where he shares a grave with his wife.

Medical and teaching career

Németh was awarded a degree in dentistry in 1925, and worked in Szent János Hospital. He founded a dental practice, but later became a medical practitioner for schools.
In 1926 he opened his dental surgery, although he continued to work as a freelance at the Saint John's Hospital in the Department of Neurology. He was a medical practitioner for Toldy School from 1926 to 1927, at the Egressy Street School from 1928 to 1931, and at Medve Street School from 1933 to 1943, when he retired as a medical practitioner. In the winter of 1927 he contracted tuberculosis and travelled to Italy and Felsőgöd to convalesce, retiring from his career as a dentist.
Between 1945 and 1948 he was a casual teacher in the history of Hungarian literature, in mathematics, and other subjects, at the grammar school in Hódmezővásárhely. In 1946 Minister of Education Dezső Keresztury offered him a job as a school inspector for the College of Further Education, and he worked arranging the college's curriculum.

Literary career

In December 1925 Németh won the first prize in a competition run by Nyugat magazine for his novel Horváthné meghal,.
From 1926 he wrote articles and book reviews for Nyugat magazine, the Protestáns Szemle, Erdélyi Helikon and Napkelet, for which he was the leading critic until 1931.. In 1930, he was awarded the Baumgarten Prize, but he returned it after receiving criticism from. In 1931 he took a érettségi – the equivalent of a General Certificate of Education – in Greek language, and later he studied it at university for a short while.
On 29 November 1931 he attended a literary dinner in Debrecen hosted by the Ady Association, where five folk writers were warmly received at their public reading.
His relationship with Nyugat magazine was somewhat strained, and in the 1930s he had confrontations with the editor, Mihály Babits, who was a trustee of the Baumgarten Foundation., because of his criticism of. His relationship with Nyugat broke down. In 1943 he wrote a monograph Magam helyett in which he stated that one of the reasons for this breakdown was Kodolányi, who disliked the fact that Németh had written a strongly worded letter to Lóránt Basch, who was also a trustee of the Baumgarten Foundation, suggesting that Kodolányi should be given financial assistance. Because of this, the other trustee, Mihály Babits didn't want to help him. It ended embarrassingly, as Németh was in Babits' flat when Basch telephoned Babits to tell him about Németh's letter.
On 26 September Németh founded the Tanú magazine, which published 17 issues until 1937. From April 1934 he edited the Válasz newspaper with and and from 1934 to 1935 he was Head of the Department of Literature at the Magyar Rádió. During his leadership he tried to encourage and promote contemporary Hungarian literature. In his programmes there were many writers and poets who read their own works and discussed them with Németh – they became well known at the time. The programme became very popular and it influenced later Hungarian literature and the Hungarian Radio Corporation's programme scheduling policy.
In 1934 Németh's had his first book published, Ember és szerep. In 1935 he joined in the Új Szellemi Front and worked for the Sziget periodical and Magyarságtudomány.
On 30 March 1938 the National Theatre premiered one of his plays, Villámfénynél. Later on the theatre had two other productions based on his works: Papucshős on 4 November 1939, and Cseresznyés on 10 January 1942. On 13 May 1939 the National Theatre introduced his historical play, VII. Gergely.
Between 1939 and 1942 he was assistant to Zsigmond Móricz at the ' magazine. During World War II he worked for Kelet Népe, the Híd and the ' periodicals. Németh collected his monographs and published them in a book called A minőség forradalma. He was one of the lecturers at a conference in Balatonszárszó. At this conference he made a statement about Judaism, which influenced his life and others' attitude towards his works.
From 1944 and on, when he made the same speech at conferences he omitted his remarks about Judaism.
From 19 March 1944, during the German occupation he lived in Göd, Szilasbalhás and Budapest. For a short while he stopped writing articles for magazines. After the Soviet Red Army occupied Budapest, Németh and his family moved to Békés.
In 1969 the publishers Magvető and issued his Collected Works.

Awards

The English names of the works are approximate translations and are not published titles of them.

Novels

The protagonist Zsófi Kurátor has lost her husband. After she loses her child too, she spends the rest of her life in mourning. Because she follows the rules of a widow, people in her village treat her as an outcast. The whole community scrutinises her every act: can no man tempt her?
The protagonist Nelli Kárász is a loner and uninterested in men. After her arranged marriage, Nelli's marriage and life are unhappy. She hates being dependent on her husband, hates the prison of her marriage. Her husband, Sanyi Takaró, abuses her body and soul. Nelli tries to be a good housekeeper, but at the same time a bad wife, because she wants to annoy her husband in the hope that he will leave her. Her husband, however, tries to make his marriage as happy as possible and looks up to his wife as a goddess. Sanyi becomes jealous of one of their friends, even though he knows that Nelli is not interested in him. As the marriage goes downhill Sanyi has affairs with servant girls. The marriage ends with his death: he is very ill and, against doctor's advice, he tries to have sex with Nelli, who resists. In the middle of the battle his heart stops as Nelli smothers his face with a pillow. It is not clear whether he dies of choking or suffocation.
The protagonist Eszter tries to fight against life's difficulties. She has three children and a happy marriage, until her husband cheats on her. She looks after her father, helps with their farm, and supports village life. Eszter struggles to make her home, marriage and life happy.