List of communities in Alberta


The province of Alberta, Canada, is divided into 10 different types of local governments – urban municipalities, specialized municipalities, rural municipalities, Métis settlements, and Indian reserves. All types of municipalities are governed by local residents and were incorporated under various provincial acts, with the exception of improvement districts, and Indian reserves.
Alberta also has numerous unincorporated communities that are not independent municipalities in their own right. However, they are all recognized as sub-municipal entities by Alberta Municipal Affairs under the jurisdiction of specialized municipalities or rural municipalities, with the exception of the lone townsite.
With the exception of Métis settlements, Statistics Canada recognizes all of Alberta's municipalities as census subdivisions and groups them into 19 census divisions based on geography. Within census divisions, Statistics Canada groups some of Alberta's municipalities/census subdivisions into two census metropolitan areas or 12 census agglomerations for enumeration purposes. All CMAs include large urban centres and surrounding census subdivisions. All CAs also include large urban centres and in some cases their surrounding census subdivisions.
With the exception of Indian reserves, the administration of municipalities in Alberta is regulated by the Municipal Government Act, the Special Areas Act and the Metis Settlements Act.
As of 2012, the combined unofficial population of all of Alberta's municipalities was 3,768,284.

Municipalities

Urban municipalities

Cities

According to Section 82 of the Municipal Government Act, an area may incorporate as a city if:
Essentially, cities are formed from urban communities with populations of at least 10,000 people.
Alberta currently has a total of 19 cities with a combined population totalling 2,501,817 as of 2012.

Towns

According to Section 81 of the Municipal Government Act, an area may incorporate as a town if:
Essentially, towns are formed from urban communities with populations of at least 1,000 people. When a town's population exceeds 10,000 people, its council may apply to change its status to that of a city, but the change in incorporated status is not mandatory.
Communities with shrinking populations are allowed to retain town status even if the number of residents falls below the 1,000 limit. Some of Alberta's towns have never reached a population of 1,000 people, but were incorporated as towns before the current requirement to have a population of 1,000 or more.
Alberta currently has a total of 108 towns, with a combined population totalling 458,376 as of 2012.

Villages

According to Section 80 of the Municipal Government Act, an area may incorporate as a village if:
Essentially, villages are formed from urban communities with populations of at least 300 people. When a village's population exceeds 1,000 people, its council may apply to change its status to that of a town, but the change in incorporated status is not mandatory.
Communities with shrinking populations are allowed to retain village status even if the number of residents falls below the 300 limit. Some of Alberta's villages have never reached a population of 300 people, but were incorporated as villages before there was a requirement to have a population of 300 or more.
Alberta currently has a total of 95 villages, with a combined population totalling 39,546 as of 2012. Two villages, Derwent and New Sarepta, dissolved and were reduced to hamlet status in 2010.

Summer villages

According to former Section 79 of the Municipal Government Act, a summer village is an area that:
As a result of Section 79 being repealed, summer villages can no longer be formed in Alberta.
Essentially, summer villages were once formed from urban communities with populations of less than 300 people and significant non-permanent populations. When a summer village's population exceeds 300 people, its council may apply to change its status to that of a village, but the change in incorporated status is not mandatory.
Alberta currently has a total of 51 summer villages, with a combined population totalling 4,726 as of 2012.

Specialized municipalities

According to Section 83 of the Municipal Government Act, a municipality may incorporate as a [|specialized municipality] under one of the following three scenarios:
Essentially, specialized municipalities are municipalities that are unconventional in nature compared to other municipalities in Alberta, and they are incorporated under the authority of the existing MGA instead of relying on the creation of their own separate acts.
Alberta's five specialized municipalities have a combined population totalling 230,625 as of 2012.

Rural municipalities

Municipal districts

According to Section 78 of the Municipal Government Act, a municipal district is an area in which:
Essentially, municipal districts are large rural areas in which their citizens reside on farms, country residential subdivisions or unincorporated communities.
In Alberta, the term county is synonymous with the term municipal district – it is not its own incorporated municipal status that is different from that of a municipal district. As such, Alberta Municipal Affairs provides municipal districts with the opportunity to brand themselves either as municipal districts or counties in their official names.
Of Alberta's 64 municipal districts, 46 of them brand themselves as counties. Over the past decade, Alberta has observed a trend of numerous municipal districts rebranding themselves as counties through official name changes. Some of the reasons why a municipal district would rebrand itself as a county include that the term county is: more recognizable by the general public; has a more modern and progressive appeal; and is more marketable from an economic development perspective.
The last municipal district to rebrand itself as a county was the MD of Foothills No. 31, which was renamed as Foothills County on January 1, 2019.
Alberta's 64 municipal districts have a combined population totalling 453,346 as of 2012.

Improvement districts

According to Section 581 of the Municipal Government Act, Alberta's Lieutenant Governor in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Municipal Affairs, may form an improvement district. Section 582 of the MGA requires that the order to form an improvement district must describe its boundaries and give it an official name.
Alberta currently has eight improvement districts, which have a combined population totaling 2,146. Five of them are located within national parks, and two are within provincial parks.
In September 2011, the Province of Alberta approved the formation of a new improvement district named Improvement District No. 349. It is located north of the City of Cold Lake and includes the Cold Lake Air Weapons Range from Lac La Biche County and some adjacent lands further to the north from the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. The effective incorporation date of Improvement District No. 349 was January 1, 2012.

Special areas

Special areas are rural municipalities created in 1938 under the authority of the Special Areas Act. A special area is not to be confused with a specialized municipality, which is a completely different municipal status.
Alberta's three special areas had a combined population totalling 4,499 in 2011.

Unincorporated communities

Urban service areas

An urban service area is a type of hamlet that is not officially defined under the Municipal Government Act. However, the Province of Alberta recognizes it as equivalent to a city for the purposes of program delivery and grant eligibility according to the Orders in Council that established the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo and Strathcona County as specialized municipalities.
These Orders in Council also state that:
Essentially, urban services areas meet the eligibility requirements of the MGA to incorporate as a city. As such, they are Alberta's largest hamlets.
There are currently two urban services areas in Alberta:
Fort McMurray, within the jurisdiction of the RM of Wood Buffalo, was formerly a city prior its amalgamation with Improvement District No. 143 on April 1, 1995. It was designated an urban service area at the time of the amalgamation.
Sherwood Park has always been an unincorporated community under the jurisdiction of Strathcona County. It became an urban service area when Strathcona County changed its status from a municipal district to a specialized municipality on January 1, 1996.

Hamlets

According to Section 59 of the Municipal Government Act, hamlets are unincorporated communities that:
Further, Section 59 of the MGA provides the councils of municipal districts and specialized municipalities the authority to designate unincorporated communities within its boundaries as hamlets. Hamlets may also be designated within improvement districts and special areas by the Minister of Municipal Affairs pursuant to Section 590 of the MGA and Section 10 of the Special Areas Act respectively.
When a hamlet's population reaches 300, it becomes eligible to incorporate as a village under Section 80 of the MGA, so long as the majority of the buildings are still on parcels of land smaller than 1,850 m2. However, it is a modern-day rarity for a hamlet to incorporate as a village – Barnwell and Wabamun were the last two to do so both on January 1, 1980. It is much more common these days for villages to revert to hamlet status through the dissolution process instead.
There are currently 389 hamlets in Alberta, two of which are the urban services areas presented above.

Townsites

A townsite is a type of unincorporated community that is not officially defined under the Municipal Government Act, but it is generally regarded as an independent urban area within an Indian reserve that is comparable in population, land area, services, and built form, to that of Alberta's incorporated towns. Essentially, townsites would meet the eligibility requirements of the MGA to incorporate as a town if they were not located on Indian reserve lands under federal jurisdiction.
Redwood Meadows is Alberta's only townsite at this time and is located within the Tsuu T'ina Nation.

Other unincorporated communities

Métis settlements

Métis settlements are rural areas inhabited by Indigenous Métis people in Alberta and were established and recognized in 1936 under the Métis Population Betterment Act. The settlements provide an autonomous land base, allow better access to education, health and other social services, and provide economic development opportunities for the only recognized Métis land-base in Canada. Métis settlements now operate under the authority of the Métis Settlements Act. These eight Métis settlements are governed by a unique Métis government known as the Métis Settlements General Council.
Alberta currently has eight Métis settlements, all of which are located in the northern half of the province. The official names of the eight settlements, and the municipal districts they are within, are as follows:
Very small portions of the Gift Lake Métis Settlement and the Kikino Métis Settlement are also located within Northern Sunrise County and Lac La Biche County respectively.
Alberta's eight Métis settlements have a combined population totalling 4,858 as of 2012.

Indian reserves

Indian reserves in Alberta cover a total area of and range in size from to. Under the Constitution Act, 1982, legislative authority over Indian reserves is allocated to the Parliament of Canada. The Government of Canada exercises executive authority over Indian reserves through the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. Local administration is exercised by Band councils whose members are elected by members of the reserve.