This is a list of all human spaceflights throughout history. Beginning in 1961 with the flight of Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1, human spaceflight occurs when a human crew flies a spacecraft into outer space. Human spaceflight is distinguished from spaceflight generally, which entails both crewed and uncrewed spacecraft. There are two definitions of spaceflight. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, an international record-keeping body, defines the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space at above sea level. This boundary is known as the Kármán line. Additionally, the United States military awardsastronaut wings to qualified personnel who pilot a spaceflight above an altitude of. Thirteen flights of the North American X-15 met the latter criteria, while only two met the former. This article is primarily concerned with the former international convention, and also lists flights which only satisfied the latter convention. Unless otherwise specified, "spaceflight" and related terms only apply to flights which went beyond the Kármán line. As of the launch of Crew Dragon Demo-2 on 30 May 2020, there have been 329 human spaceflight launch attempts. Three of these launches did not cross the Kármán line, and therefore do not qualify as spaceflights. These were the fatal Challenger disaster, and two non-fatal aborted Soyuz missions, T-10a and MS-10. Another non-fatal aborted Soyuz mission, 18a, nevertheless crossed the Kármán line and therefore qualified as a sub-orbital spaceflight. Three missions successfully achieved human spaceflight, yet ended as fatal failures as their crews died during the return. These were Soyuz 1, Soyuz 11, and the Columbia disaster. Uniquely, Soyuz 34 was launched uncrewed to the Salyut 6space station, to provide a successful return vehicle for the crew of Soyuz 32. Including Soyuz 34 gives a total of 330 attempted human spaceflights. Fourteen flights reached an apogee beyond, but failed to go beyond.
Summary
Since 1961, three countries and two private businesses have conducted human spaceflight using thirteen different spacecraft series, or: "programs", "projects".
Human spaceflights
The Salyut series, Skylab, Mir, ISS, and Tiangong seriesspace stations, with which many of these flights docked in orbit, are not listed separately here. See the detailed lists for information. Missions which were intended to reach space but which failed to do so are listed in italics, and fatal missions are marked with asterisks.
1961–1970
1971–1980
1981–1990
1991–2000
2001–2010
2011–present
Flights between and
In addition to the above, 14 flights reached an apogee between 50 mi and 100 km, thus qualifying as spaceflights according to the American convention, but failing the FAI criterion. Of these, eleven were X-15 flights during the 1960s. During 2018–2019, three additional flights reached an apogee between 50 mi and 100 km.
