List of national independence days
An Independence day is an annual event commemorating the anniversary of a nation's independence or statehood, usually after ceasing to be a group or part of another nation or state, or more rarely after the end of a military occupation.
American political commentator Walter Russell Mead notes that, "World-wide, British Leaving Day is never out of season." Many countries celebrate the day the British colonial powers departed, regardless of how efficient and benign the colonial officials were. "Yet for all the incompetence and corruption that followed, nobody rejoined the British Empire."
List
The following list includes current observer and member states of the United Nations that have public holidays dedicated to the establishment of the country's independence or sovereignty from a foreign power. The list does not include days commemorating regime changes, days commemorating its liberation from an occupying military power, or other National Days not tied to the establishment of independence.Country | Name of holiday | Date of holiday | Year of event | Independence from | Event commemorated and notes |
Afghan Independence Day | 1919 | United Kingdom | Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 or Treaty of Rawalpindi, an armistice between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan during the Third Anglo-Afghan War | ||
Flag Day | 1912 | Ottoman Empire | Albanian Declaration of Independence. The following day, November 29, is celebrated as the Liberation Day and commemorates the end of the German occupation in 1944. | ||
Independence Day | 1962 | France | Algeria gained independence following the Algerian War and the Algerian independence referendum. France officially recognized independent Algeria on July 3, but the Independence Day is celebrated on July 5, the day of the fall of Algiers in 1830 and the beginning of French Algeria. | ||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1975 | Portugal | The Alvor Agreement, signed on 15 January 1975, granted Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November, ending the Angolan War of Independence. | ||
Independence Day | 1981 | United Kingdom | The effective date of the Antigua Termination of Association Order passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in July | ||
Independence Day | 1816 | Spanish Empire | Argentine Declaration of Independence | ||
Republic Day | 1918 | Russian Empire | Declaration of Independence of Armenia | ||
Independence Day | 1991 | Soviet Union | 1991 Armenian independence referendum | ||
None | Australia Day commemorates arrival of the First Fleet of British ships and is not an independence day. | ||||
National Day | 1955 | Allied occupying powers | Declaration of Neutrality | ||
Republic Day | 1918 | Russian Empire | Declaration of Independence | ||
Independence Day | 1991 | Soviet Union | Adoption of the constitutional act "On the State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan" | ||
Independence Day | 1973 | United Kingdom | Effective date of The Bahamas Independence Order 1973 | ||
Independence Day | 1971 | United Kingdom | Ascension of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa to the throne | ||
Independence Day | 1971 | Pakistan | Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence | ||
Independence Day | 1966 | United Kingdom | Effective date of the Barbados Independence Act 1966 | ||
Independence Day | 1944 | Nazi Germany | The liberation of Minsk after several years of German occupation in 1944. Two other independence days – March 25 and July 27 – are commemorated unofficially. | ||
National Day | 1831 | United Netherlands | Ascension of Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld to the throne | ||
Independence Day | 1981 | United Kingdom | Effective day of the Belize Act 1981 | ||
Independence Day | 1960 | France | Effective date of the agreement with France signed on July 11 creating the independent Republic of Dahomey | ||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1825 | Spain | Bolivian Declaration of Independence | ||
Independence Day | 1992 | Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | 1992 Bosnian independence referendum | ||
Independence Day | 1966 | United Kingdom | Effective date of the Botswana Independence Act 1966 | ||
Independence Day | 1822 | United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | Declaration of independence by Pedro I of Brazil | ||
National Day | 1984 | United Kingdom | Brunei gained full independence effective January 1, 1984 under the Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation of 7 January 1979 between United Kingdom and Brunei. However, the celebrations of the first National Day were delayed until February 23 and that day continues to be celebrated since. | ||
Liberation Day | 1878 | Ottoman Empire | Treaty of San Stefano which created the autonomous Principality of Bulgaria | ||
Independence Day | 1908 | Ottoman Empire | Bulgarian Declaration of Independence | ||
Proclamation of Independence Day | 1958 | France | Effective date when French Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community | ||
Independence Day | 1960 | France | Effective date of the agreement with France signed on July 11 and creation of the independent Republic of Upper Volta | ||
Independence Day | 1962 | Belgium | Effective date of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1746 terminating the Ruanda-Urundi Trusteeship | ||
Independence Day | 1953 | France | Ceremony transferring military from French to Cambodian officials based on a military hand-over agreement reached on October 17, 1953 | ||
None | Cameroon gained independence on January 1, 1960, but does not celebrate that date. Instead, it celebrates the National Day on May 20 commemorating the 1972 Cameroonian constitutional referendum. | ||||
None | Canada Day on July 1 commemorates the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. | ||||
Independence Day | 1975 | Portugal | Effective date of the Agreement Between Portugal and Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde signed on December 18, 1974 | ||
National Day | 1958 | France | Effective date when Central African Republic became an autonomous republic of the French Community | ||
Independence Day | 1960 | France | Effective date of the agreement with France signed on July 12 | ||
Republic Day | 1958 | France | Effective date when Chad became an autonomous republic in the French Community | ||
Independence Day | 1960 | France | Effective date of the agreement with France signed on July 12 | ||
Independence Day | 1810 | Spanish Empire | Establishment of the Government Junta of Chile. The following day, September 19, is celebrated as the Army Day. The two holidays collectively are known as Fiestas Patrias. | ||
None | National Day commemorates the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949. | ||||
Independence Day | 1810 | Spanish Empire | Colombian Declaration of Independence | ||
Independence Day | 1975 | France | Unilateral declaration of independence by the Chamber of Deputies of Comoros following the 1974 Comorian independence referendum | ||
Independence Day | 1960 | Belgium | Effective date of the Treaty of Friendship, Assistance and Co-operation between Belgium and the Congo concluded on June 29, 1960 | ||
Republic Day | 1958 | France | Effective date when Congo became an autonomous republic in the French Community | ||
Independence Day | 1960 | France | Effective date of the agreement with France signed on July 12. | ||
Independence Day | 1821 | Spanish Empire | Act of Independence of Central America | ||
Statehood Day | 1990 | SFR Yugoslavia | First session of the Croatian Parliament following the 1990 Croatian parliamentary election. October 8 and June 25 were also celebrated as independence days. After the 2019 changes to the law on public holidays, October 8 is the Parliament Day and June 25 is the Independence Day, but they are memorial days and not public holidays. | ||
Commencement of the Wars of Independence | 1868 | Spanish Empire | Call to rebellion by sugar planter Carlos Manuel de Cespedes that led to the Ten Years' War for independence | ||
National Day | 1955 | United Kingdom | 1 April attacks that started the Cyprus Emergency | ||
Independence Day | 1960 | United Kingdom | Effective date of the London-Zürich Agreements was August 16, 1960, but the public holiday was moved to October 1 to avoid summer heat and tourist season. | ||
Independence Day | 1918 | Austria-Hungary | Independence declaration by the Czechoslovak National Council | ||
Restoration Day | 1993 | Czechoslovakia | Effective date of the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia into Czech Republic and Slovakia | ||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1977 | France | |||
Independence Day | 1978 | United Kingdom | |||
1821 and 1844 | Independence from Spain in December 1821. Independence re-declared from Haiti in 1844, after a 22-year occupation. | ||||
2002 | Portugal | East Timor was invaded by Indonesia from 1975 to 1999, officially it never ceased to be considered as administrated by Portugal. | |||
Independence Day | 1809 | Spanish Empire | Proclaimed independence on August 10, 1809, but failed with the execution of all the conspirators of the movement on August 2, 1810. | ||
1822 | Spanish Empire | Battle of Pichincha | |||
None | Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence was issued on February 28, 1922, but Egypt does not celebrate this date. | ||||
Independence Day | 1821 | Spanish Empire | Act of Independence of Central America | ||
1968 | Spain | ||||
Independence Day | 1991 | Ethiopia | |||
Independence Day | 1918 | Russian Empire | Estonian Declaration of Independence | ||
Day of Restoration of Independence | 1991 | Soviet Union | Estonian Restoration of Independence | ||
Somhlolo Day | 1968 | United Kingdom | |||
None | |||||
Fiji Day | 1970 | United Kingdom | Instruments of Independence | ||
Independence Day | 1917 | Russian Empire | Finnish Declaration of Independence | ||
None | |||||
1960 | France | Effective date of the agreement with France signed on July 15. | |||
1965 | United Kingdom | Effective date of the Gambia Independence Act 1964 | |||
Independence Day | 1918 | Russian Empire | Day of the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918. | ||
Day of National Unity | 1991 | Soviet Union | |||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1957 | United Kingdom | |||
1821 | Ottoman Empire | Declaration of independence 1821. Start of the Greek War of Independence. | |||
Independence Day | 1974 | United Kingdom | |||
Independence Day | 1821 | Spanish Empire | Act of Independence of Central America | ||
1958 | France | ||||
Independence Day | 1973 | Portugal | Declaration of independence during the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence | ||
1966 | United Kingdom | ||||
Independence Day | 1804 | France | Haitian Declaration of Independence | ||
Independence Day | 1821 | Spanish Empire | Act of Independence of Central America | ||
1989 | Opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989, and establishment as a democratic parliamentary republic. | ||||
Independence Day | 1944 | Denmark | Effective date of the dissolution of the Danish–Icelandic Act of Union following the 1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum | ||
Independence Day | 1947 | United Kingdom | Effective date of the Indian Independence Act 1947 | ||
Independence Day | 1945 | Netherlands | Proclamation of Indonesian Independence | ||
1979 | After holding a referendum, Iran officially became an Islamic republic in April 1979. | ||||
1932 | United Kingdom | ||||
1916 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | Proclamation of the Irish Republic commencing the Easter Rising. Usually celebrated on Easter Monday. | |||
Yom Ha'atzmaut | United Kingdom and the British Mandate for Palestine | Israeli Declaration of Independence on May 14, 1948. Yom Ha'atzmaut is celebrated on the Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday nearest to 5 Iyar, so it occurs between 3 and 6 Iyar each year; this means that the holiday can fall any time between and including April 15 and May 15, according to the Gregorian calendar. | |||
None | |||||
1960 | France | Effective date of the agreement with France signed on July 11. | |||
1962 | United Kingdom | Independence of Jamaica | |||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1946 | United Kingdom | Ascension of Abdullah I of Jordan to the throne | ||
Independence Day | 1991 | Soviet Union | |||
Jamhuri Day | 1963 | United Kingdom | |||
1979 | United Kingdom | ||||
Chogukhaebangŭi nal | 1945 | Empire of Japan | Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1948. Korean War 1950–1953. | ||
Samiljeol | 1919 | Empire of Japan | Korean Declaration of Independence in 1919. This day is celebrated as Samiljeol, or Independence Proclamation Day. | ||
Gwangbokjeol | 1945 | Empire of Japan | Liberation from the Empire of Japan in 1945. See Japanese Occupation of Korea. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was founded in 1919. Korean War 1950–1953. | ||
1961 | United Kingdom | ||||
Independence Day | 1991 | Soviet Union | |||
None | Laos gained autonomy from France on 19 July 1949 and full independence on 22 October 1953, but those days are not celebrated as public holidays in Laos. The National Day on December 2 commemorates the establishment of the Lao People's Democratic Republic in 1975. | ||||
Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia | 1918 | Russian Empire and German Empire | Proclamation of independence on November 18, 1918. Latvia was part of Russian Empire prior to World War I, but its territory had been ceded to German Empire in March 1918 | ||
1990 | Soviet Union | On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia | |||
Independence Day | 1943 | France | |||
1966 | United Kingdom | ||||
Independence Day | 1847 | American Colonization Society | Liberian Declaration of Independence | ||
1951 | Italy | Independence from Italy on February 10, 1947, released from British and French on December 24, 1951. | |||
None | |||||
Statehood Restoration Day | 1918 | Russian Empire and German Empire | Act of Independence of Lithuania | ||
Independence Restoration Day | 1990 | Soviet Union | Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania | ||
None | |||||
1960 | France | ||||
1964 | United Kingdom | ||||
Hari Merdeka | 1957 | United Kingdom | Malayan Declaration of Independence | ||
1965 | United Kingdom | ||||
1960 | France | ||||
Independence Day | 1964 | United Kingdom | |||
None | |||||
1960 | France | Effective date of the agreement with France signed on October 19. | |||
1968 | United Kingdom | ||||
Grito de Dolores | 1810 | Spanish Empire | Start of the Mexican War of Independence | ||
Independence Day | 1986 | United States | Effective date of the Compact of Free Association | ||
Independence Day | 1991 | Soviet Union | Moldovan Declaration of Independence | ||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1911 | Great Qing | Independence declared in 1911. However, the newly established Mongolian government was too weak to resist the occupation of the Republic of China in 1919 and later White Russia in early 1921. After ousting Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's forces, the new communist government was officially established on June 11, 1921. | ||
2006 | Serbia and Montenegro | 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum | |||
Proclamation of Independence Day | 1944 | France and Spain | |||
Independence Day | 1955 | France and Spain | Return of Mohammed V of Morocco from exile | ||
1975 | Portugal | ||||
Independence Day | 1948 | United Kingdom | Burmese Declaration of Independence | ||
1990 | South Africa | ||||
1968 | Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom | ||||
None | |||||
1581 | Spanish Empire | Declaration of Independence in 1581 as the Dutch Republic | |||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1821 | Spanish Empire | Act of Independence of Central America | ||
Independence Day | 1960 | France | Effective date of the agreement with France signed on July 11. | ||
Independence Day | 1960 | United Kingdom | |||
Independence Day | 1991 | SFR Yugoslavia | |||
Constitution Day | 1814 | Denmark | National Day: Independence and the Constitution of Norway | ||
Independence Day | 1905 | Sweden | Union Dissolution and Independence Day | ||
National Day | 1650 | Portugal | |||
Independence Day | 1947 | United Kingdom | Effective date of the Indian Independence Act 1947; see also: Pakistan Day | ||
None | |||||
National Day | 1988 | Israel | Palestinian Declaration of Independence | ||
1821 | Spain | Independence Act of Panama | |||
1903 | Colombia | Panama was member of the "Gran Colombia" until 1903. The 1903 separation from Colombia is celebrated as an official holiday day on November 3. | |||
1975 | Australia of the former Territory of Papua and New Guinea | ||||
Independence Day | 1811 | Spanish Empire | |||
Fiestas Patrias | 1821 | Spanish Empire | |||
Independence Day | 1898 | Spanish Empire | Philippine Declaration of Independence by Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The Philippines achieved self-rule from the United States on July 4, 1946, and celebrated July 4 as Independence Day until 1964. | ||
Independence Day | 1918 | Russian Empire and German Empire | Restoration of Poland's independence in 1918 after 123 years of partitions by Russia, Prussia, and Austria. | ||
Restoration of Independence Day | 1640 | Spanish Empire | Portugal was officially an autonomous state, but the country was in a personal union with the Spanish crown from 1580 to 1640 – date of the restoration of full Portuguese autonomy from Iberian Union with Spain. | ||
National Day | 1878 | Ottoman Empire | - | ||
Independence from Britain | 1971 | United Kingdom | The former is celebrated more often | ||
1877 | Ottoman Empire | Romania's declaration of its independence, while the ultimately victorious independence war against the Ottoman Empire in 1877–1878 alongside Russia, was just beginning. | |||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1962 | Belgium | Effective date of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1746 terminating the Ruanda-Urundi Trusteeship | ||
Independence Day | 1983 | United Kingdom | |||
Independence Day | 1979 | United Kingdom | |||
Independence Day | 1979 | United Kingdom | |||
1962 | New Zealand | ||||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1975 | Portugal | Effective date of the agreement with Portugal reached on November 26, 1974 | ||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1960 | France | |||
Statehood Day | 1804 | Ottoman Empire | The beginning of First Serbian Uprising in 1804, it evolved into a Serbian Revolution, war for independence from Ottoman Empire; and the adoption of the first Constitution in 1835. | ||
1976 | United Kingdom | ||||
Independence Day | 1961 | United Kingdom | |||
National Day | 1965 | Malaysia | Proclamation of Singapore | ||
1992 | Declaration of Independence in 1992, de jure independence came on January 1, 1993 after the division of Czechoslovakia. | ||||
Independence and Unity Day | 1991 | SFR Yugoslavia | Date of the release of the official results of the independence plebiscite in 1990, confirming secession from Yugoslavia. Declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. | ||
Independence Day | 1978 | United Kingdom | |||
Independence Day | 1960 | Italy and United Kingdom | Union of the Trust Territory of Somalia and British Somaliland to form the Somali Republic. Event commemorated annually. | ||
Not a holiday | 1931 | United Kingdom | Independence in 1931 in terms of the Balfour Declaration of 1926 which is not a public holiday. The Union of South Africa formed on May 31, 1910 and the Republic of South Africa declared on May 31, 1961 under minority rule during Apartheid. Majority rule achieved on April 27, 1994, which is celebrated annually as the Freedom Day. | ||
Independence Day | 2011 | Sudan | |||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1948 | United Kingdom | |||
Independence Day | 1956 | Egypt and the United Kingdom | |||
Independence Day | 1975 | Netherlands | |||
National Day | 1523 | Celebrates the election of King Gustav Vasa in 1523 and the new constitutions in 1809 and 1974. The election of King Gustav Vasa was the de facto end of the Kalmar Union and has been seen as a formal declaration of independence. | |||
Swiss National Day | 1291 | Alliance against the Holy Roman Empire in 1291. | |||
Evacuation Day | 1946 | France | End of the French Mandate of Syria in 1946. | ||
Independence Day | 1991 | Soviet Union | |||
1961 | United Kingdom | Independence as Tanganyika | |||
1960 | France | ||||
1970 | United Kingdom | Termination of protectorate status in 1970 | |||
Independence Day | 1962 | United Kingdom | Effective date of the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962 | ||
Independence Day | 1956 | France | |||
None | Republic Day and National Sovereignty and Children's Day celebrate the founding of the Republic of Turkey, but are not independence days. | ||||
Independence Day | 1991 | Soviet Union | |||
Independence Day | 1978 | United Kingdom | |||
Independence Day | 1962 | United Kingdom | |||
Independence Day | 1991 | Soviet Union | Declaration of Independence of Ukraine | ||
Day of Unity | 1919 | Russian Republic | Unification of Ukraine on January 22, 1919. | ||
National Day | 1971 | United Kingdom | |||
None | |||||
Independence Day or Fourth of July | 1776 | Kingdom of Great Britain | United States Declaration of Independence | ||
Independence Day | 1825 | United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata | Declaration of independence and union with the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata. | ||
Independence Day | 1991 | Soviet Union | |||
Independence Day | 1980 | United Kingdom and France | |||
None | |||||
Independence Day | 1811 | Spanish Empire | Venezuelan Declaration of Independence | ||
Independence Day | 1945 | Japan and France | |||
1967 | United Kingdom | Declaration of independence as South Yemen | |||
Independence Day | 1964 | United Kingdom | Effective date of the Zambia Independence Act 1964 | ||
Independence Day | 1980 | United Kingdom | Effective date of the Lancaster House Agreement |