List of natural disasters in the United States
This list of lists is a list of notable lists which occurred in the United lists from 1816 to 2017. In May 2018, an exhaustive overview of recurrent lists in the United States since 1900, based largely on government data, including data from NASA, FEMA and others, was reported in The New York Times.
Due to inflation, the monetary damage estimates are not comparable. Unless otherwise noted, the year given is the year in which the currency's valuation was calculated.
Year | Disaster | Death toll | Damage cost | Main article | Location | Notes |
2018 | Wildfire | 88 | $16,500,000,000 | Camp Fire | California | The Camp Fire ravaged North California, destroying more than 18,000 structures. The Camp Fire was the worst fire in California to this date, and was fueled by large national forests. The campfire was started by electrical transmission lines owned and operated by Pacific Gas and Electricity. |
2017 | Hurricane | 5,740 | $91,610,000,000 | Hurricane Maria | Florida and Puerto Rico | After strengthening at a near record pace and affecting multiple islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea, Maria struck Puerto Rico as a high-end Category 4 hurricane, causing catastrophic damage to the US island due to extremely powerful winds and devastating floods. The hurricane also knocked out the entire power grid, triggering a near total island blackout. The lack of aid after the disaster caused a humanitarian crisis, the worst in the US since Hurricane Katrina, which lasted several months and had a dramatic effect on Puerto Rico's population. Maria is the third costliest hurricane in history, behind only Katrina and Harvey. |
2017 | Hurricane | 134 | $64,760,000,000 | Hurricane Irma | Florida, South Carolina, Georgia, Puerto Rico | Hurricane Irma ravaged the northern Leeward Islands as an extremely powerful Category 5 hurricane before making landfall in the Florida Keys as a Category 4 hurricane, and in the mainland as a Category 3 hurricane. Irma caused widespread damage in Florida due to high winds and destructive floods. The Florida Keys were hit the hardest, with the vast majority of infrastructure there receiving some degree of damage, and at least 25% receiving major damage. Hurricane Irma also knocked out power to 73.33% of the state, or 7.7 million homes and businesses. Irma is the fifth costliest hurricane of all time. |
2017 | Hurricane | 107 | $125,000,000,000 | Hurricane Harvey | Texas, Louisiana, Alabama | Hurricane Harvey began as a tropical storm in the Caribbean Sea before degenerating into a tropical wave, only to regenerate in the Gulf of Mexico and make landfall in Southwestern Texas as a Category 4 hurricane. Most of the damage from Harvey occurred after it had weakened, due to extreme prolonged rains dropping several feet of water that triggered unprecedented floods in a large swath of Southeastern Texas, with the worst of the flooding occurring in Houston. Hurricane Harvey is widely considered to be the worst flooding disaster in the United States since Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which it tied with as the costliest hurricane in history. |
2016 | Wildfire | 14 | $990,000,000 | 2016 Great Smoky Mountains wildfires | Tennessee | Destroyed nearly 2,000 structures; burned nearly 18,000 acres. |
2016 | Hurricane | 49 | $15,090,000,000 | Hurricane Matthew | Florida, Georgia, The Carolinas | |
2016 | Flood | 13 | 2016 Louisiana floods | Louisiana | ||
2016 | Flood | 23 | 2016 West Virginia flood | West Virginia | ||
2016 | Blizzard | 55 | $500,000,000 | January 2016 United States blizzard | Southeast through Mid Atlantic to Northeast | Snowfall totals in excess of two feet |
2015 | Flood | 25 | October 2015 North American storm complex | Carolinas | ||
2015 | Flood | 20 | 2015 Utah floods | Utah | ||
2015 | Wildfire | 3 | $8,000,000,000 | Okanogan Complex fire | Okanogan County, Washington | Damage figure includes costs involved in the fighting of the fire. |
2015 | Flood | 46 | 2015 Texas–Oklahoma floods | Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma | ||
2014 | Snow storm | 24 | November 2014 North American winter storm | Buffalo, New York, Great Lakes region | ||
2014 | Tornado | 35 | $1,000,000,000 | April 2014 tornado outbreak | Nebraska, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Illinois, Florida, North Carolina | |
2014 | Mudflow | 43 | 2014 Oso mudslide | Oso, Washington | ||
2013–2014 | Cold wave | 21 | Early 2014 North American cold wave | Eastern US | ||
2013 | Wildfire | 19 | Yarnell Hill Fire | Yarnell, Arizona | ||
2013 | Flood | 8 | $1,900,000,000 | 2013 Colorado floods | Colorado | |
2013 | Tornado | 24 | $2,000,000,000 | 2013 Moore tornado | Moore, Oklahoma | |
2013 | Blizzard | 18 | February 2013 nor'easter | Eastern US | ||
2012 | Wildfire | 6 | 2012 Colorado wildfires | Colorado | ||
2012 | Hurricane | 147 | $75,000,000,000 | Hurricane Sandy | Eastern US | |
2011 | Tornado | 160 | $69,000 – $3,000,000,000 | 2011 Joplin tornado | Joplin, Missouri | part of the tornado outbreak sequence of May 21–26, 2011 |
2011 | Tornado | 346 | $11,000,000,000 | 2011 Super Outbreak | Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Georgia, Arkansas and Virginia | 336 tornadoes |
2011 | Flood | 20 | $2,000,000,000 – 4,000,000,000 | 2011 Mississippi River floods | Mississippi River Valley | |
2010 | Flood | 20 | June 2010 Arkansas floods | Albert Pike Recreational Area | ||
2009 | Tsunami | 31 | 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami | American Samoa and nearby islands | 189 total deaths, with 31 in American Samoa. | |
2008 | Tornado | 59 | $1,200,000,000 | 2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak | Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Alabama, and Illinois | |
2007 | Wildfire | 14 | California wildfires of October 2007 | California | Large fires burned out of control across southern California, fueled by unusually strong Santa Ana winds; worst around San Diego; caused evacuation of over one million people. Most fires accidental; some suspected arson. | |
2006 | Snow storm | 19 | $530,000,000 | Lake Storm "Aphid" | Buffalo, New York | |
2005 | Hurricane | 1,836 | $125,000,000,000 | Hurricane Katrina | Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama | |
2005 | Hurricane | 120 | $10,000,000,000 | Hurricane Rita | Louisiana, Texas | |
2005 | Tornado | 25 | $92,000,000 | Evansville Tornado of November 2005 | Missouri, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio | 7 tornadoes |
2004 | Hurricane | 124 | $19,000,000,000 | Hurricane Ivan | Texas, Florida, East Coast | |
2004 | Hurricane | 49 | $9,000,000,000 | Hurricane Frances | Florida | |
2004 | Hurricane | 10 | $15,000,000,000 | Hurricane Charley | Florida | |
2002 | Hurricane | 41 | $5,500,000,000 | Tropical Storm Allison | Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania | |
1999 | Heat wave | 271 | Midwest and Northeast | |||
1999 | Tornado | 48 | $1,500,000,000 | 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak | Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Tennessee | 74 tornadoes |
1998–1999 | Landslide | 0 | $70,000,000 | Aldercrest-Banyon landslide | Kelso, Washington | |
1998 | Blizzard | 30 | $5,000,000 | North American ice storm of 1998 | Canada and Northeast | |
1997 | Flood | 0 | $2,000,000,000 | 1997 Red River flood | North Dakota, Minnesota, Southern Manitoba | |
1996 | Flood | 8 | $500,000,000 | Willamette Valley flood of 1996 | Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California | |
1995 | Heat wave | 739 | Chicago heat wave of 1995 | Chicago, Illinois | ||
1995 | Flood | 6 | $1,360,000,000 | May 8, 1995 Louisiana flood | New Orleans, Louisiana, area | |
1994 | Earthquake | 57 | $23,000,000,000 | Northridge earthquake | Greater Los Angeles area | |
1993 | Blizzard | 79–300 | $6,600,000,00 | Storm of the Century | East Coast of North and Central America | |
1993 | Flood | 50 | $15,000,000,000 | Great Flood of 1993 | Midwest | |
1992 | Hurricane | 26 | $25,000,000,000 | Hurricane Andrew | Florida and Louisiana | |
1991 | Wildfire | 25 | $1,500,000,000 | Oakland Hills fire | San Francisco Bay Area, California | |
1990 | Tornado | 29 | $160,000,000 | 1990 Plainfield tornado | Plainfield, Illinois Crest Hill, Illinois | |
1989 | Earthquake | 69 | $6,000,000,000 | Loma Prieta earthquake | San Francisco Bay Area, California | |
1989 | Hurricane | 49 | $7,000,000,000 | Hurricane Hugo | Caribbean and Eastern North America. | Damage figure for U.S. only. At least 111 total deaths, with 37 in the continental U.S. and 12 in the U.S. possession of Puerto Rico. |
1988 | Heat wave/drought | 5,000–10,000 | $120,000,000,000 | 1988-89 North American drought | Widespread; 45% of the nation affected | Costliest natural disaster in the United States prior to Hurricane Katrina. |
1988 | Wildfire | 2 | $240,000,000 | Yellowstone fires of 1988 | Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming | 793,880 acres was burned in the fires started by lightning. |
1980 | Heat wave | 1,700 | $20,000,000,000 | 1980 United States heat wave | Central and southern states | Official death toll, may have been higher; damage figure not adjusted for inflation. |
1980 | Volcano | 57 | $1,100,000,000 | 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens | Washington state | Damage figure not adjusted for inflation; figure in 2015 dollars is $2,890,000,000. |
1977 | Blizzard | 23 | $56,250,000 | Great Lakes Blizzard of 1977 | New York and Ontario | |
1976 | Flood | 145 | Colorado | |||
1974 | Tornado | 315 | 1974 Super Outbreak | Ontario, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia and New York | 148 tornadoes | |
1972 | Flood | 238 | $160,000,000 $664,000,000 | Rapid City, South Dakota | Average rainfall over area of 60 mi² measured at 10-, over 6 hours in middle of night June 9–10, 1972. | |
1971 | Earthquake | 65 | $500,000,000 | Sylmar earthquake | Greater Los Angeles area | |
1970 | Tornado | 26 | $1,411,900,000 | Lubbock Tornado | Lubbock, Texas | F5 tornado killed 26 and wounded approximately 500 |
1969 | Hurricane | 256 | Hurricane Camille | Mississippi, Alabama and Virginia | ||
1965 | Tornado | 271 | Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak | Iowa, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana | 78 tornadoes | |
1964 | Tsunami and Earthquake | 115 | $1,800,000,000 | Good Friday earthquake | Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, California, British Columbia | |
1960 | Tsunami | 61 | $500,000 | Great Chilean earthquake | Hawaii, Alaska | 2,290 to 6,600 killed and $3,500,000,000 in damage worldwide. 61 killed in Hilo, Hawaii. $500,000 in U.S. property damage |
1957 | Tornado | 10 | $25,883,000 | 1957 Fargo tornado | Fargo, ND | |
1953 | Tornado | 114 | Waco, TX | |||
1951 | Flood | 28 | $7,000,000,000 | Great Flood of 1951 | Kansas and Missouri | |
1950 | Blizzard | 353 | $66,700,000 | Great Appalachian Storm of November 1950 | Eastern US States | |
1946 | Tsunami and Earthquake | 165 | Aleutian Island earthquake | Alaska and Hawaii | ||
1940 | Blizzard | 154 | $2,200,000 | Armistice Day Blizzard | North and Central Midwest | Damage total not adjusted for inflation. |
1938 | Hurricane | 600 | Great New England Hurricane | |||
1938 | Flood | 115 | Los Angeles Flood of 1938 | Los Angeles | ||
1937 | Flood | 385 | $5,000,000,000 | Ohio River flood of 1937 | Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois | |
1936 | Flood | 69 | $3,000,000,000 | Pittsburgh Flood 1936 | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area | |
1935 | Hurricane | 423 | Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 | Florida | ||
1931–1939 | Drought | Unknown | $1,000,403,000,000 | Dust Bowl | Great Plains | Compounded by unsustainable agricultural techniques |
1928 | Hurricane | 3,000 | $800,000,000 | 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane | Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, the Bahamas, and Florida | 4,078+ believed dead total. About 2,500 died in Florida and 500 in the U.S. possession of Puerto Rico. |
1927 | Flood | 246 | $400,000,000 | Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 | Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee | |
1926 | Tornado | 16 | La Plata Tornado of 1926 | La Plata, Maryland | 13 killed in La Plata Elementary School | |
1925 | Tornado | 695–727 | $1,650,000,000 | Tri-State Tornado | Missouri, Illinois and Indiana | Lower number for single 3-state tornado; higher for 5-state outbreak |
1919 | Hurricane | 600 | 1919 Florida Keys Hurricane | Florida, Texas | ||
1918 | Wildfire | 453 | $73,000,000 | 1918 Cloquet fire | Minnesota | Largest disaster in Minnesota history |
1913 | Flood | 428 | Southwest, Central, and Eastern Ohio | |||
1913 | Flood | 361 | Great Dayton Flood | Dayton, Ohio | Flood was created by a series of three winter storms that hit the region in March, 1913 | |
1913 | Blizzard | 250 | Great Lakes Storm of 1913 | Fatalities estimated | ||
1913 | Storm | 250 | $5,000,000 | Great Lakes Storm of 1913 | Great Lakes area | Financial impact for lost vessels and cargo only |
1910 | Avalanche | 96 | Wellington avalanche | Wellington, Washington | ||
1906 | Earthquake and fire | 3,000–6,000 | 1906 San Francisco earthquake | California | Conflagration followed quake; fatalities estimated | |
1900 | Hurricane | 6,000–12,000 | Galveston Hurricane of 1900 | Texas | Fatalities estimated – remains deadliest natural disaster in North American history. | |
1896 | Tornado | 255–400 | $2,900,000,000 | St. Louis-East St. Louis tornado | Missouri | |
1894 | Wildfire | 418 | $73,000,000 | Great Hinckley Fire | Minnesota | Actual death toll likely higher than official death toll of 418. |
1893 | Hurricane | 2,000 | 1893 Cheniere Caminada Hurricane | Louisiana | Fatalities estimated | |
1893 | Hurricane | 1,000–2,000 | 1893 Sea Islands Hurricane | Georgia, South Carolina | Fatalities estimated | |
1889 | Flood | 2,209 | $17,000,000 | Johnstown Flood | Johnstown, Pennsylvania | A dam failure caused 20 million tons of water to be unleashed, devastating Johnstown, PA and the surrounding area. |
1888 | Blizzard | 400 | Great Blizzard of 1888 | Northeast | Fatalities estimated | |
1888 | Cold wave | Unknown | 1888 Northwest Cold Wave | Northwest | ||
1871 | Wildfire | 1,500–2,500 | Peshtigo fire | Wisconsin | Deadliest firestorm in United States history | |
1862 | Flood | Great Flood of 1862 | California, Oregon, Utah, and the territories that now make up Arizona and Nevada | An atmospheric river led to 43 days of rain starting at the end of 1861. When it was over, much of California's Central Valley was covered with inland seas that remained for months; the state's government had to move to San Francisco as Sacramento was under 10 feet of water. California nearly went bankrupt due to the costs of the damages and the loss of tax revenues from so many farms and mines; it is considered to be the worst disaster in the state's history. | ||
1816 | Famine | Unknown | Year Without a Summer | Volcanic dust from a massive eruption by Mount Tambora in the Dutch East Indies in 1815 led to an abnormally cold summer in 1816 in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Cold weather inhibited crops, and frosts and snowstorms killed what did grow, leading to a localized famine. |