List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars

A

• Abd al-Hamid al-Katib, founder of Arabic prose along with fellow Persian Ibn Muqaffa
• Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i physician
• Abu Dawood, Islamic scholar
• Abu Hanifa, Islamic scholar
• Abu Said Gorgani
• 'Adud al-Dawla, scientific patron
• Ahmad ibn Farrokh, physician
• Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din, physician and chemist
• Alavi Shirazi, royal physician to Mughal Empire of South Asia
• Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud, physician
• Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin, mathematician and astronomer
• Ansari, Khwaja Abdullah, Islamic scholar
• Aqa-Kermani, physician
• Aqsara'i, physician
• Abu Hafsa Yazid, physician
• Arzani, Muqim, physician
• Astarabadi, physician
• Aufi, Muhammad, scientist and historian
• Albubather, physician and astrologer
• Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath, physician
• Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, theologian and philosopher
• Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi, mathematician and astronomer

  B

• Brethren of Purity
• Bahmanyār, philosopher
• Al-Baghawi, Islamic scholar
• Bahai, Sheikh, poet, mathematician, astronomer, engineer, designer, faghih, and architect
• Al-Baladhuri, historian
• Abu Maʿshar, a.k.a. Albumasar, astrologer
• Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, geographer and mathematician
• Balkhi, Ibn, geographer
• Banū Mūsā brothers
• Khalid ibn Barmak, Buddhist from Khorasan in the court of al-Mansur, initiated the Greek translation movement of the Abbasid House of Wisdom
• Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, historian
• Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, historian and Islamic scholar
• Al-Bayhaqi, faqih and muhadith
• Muhammad Baqir Behbahani, theologian
• Ibn Bibi, historian of the Seljuks of Rum
• Al-Biruni, astronomer and mathematician
• Muhammad al-Bukhari, Islamic scholar
• Sahl ibn Bishr, astrologer, mathematician
• Bukhtishu, Persian Christian physician of Academy of Gundishapur
• Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn, Christian physician in Persia
• Jabril ibn Bukhtishu, Christian physician
• Bukhtishu, Yuhanna, Christian physician
• Borzuya, a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur
• al-Birjandi, astronomer and mathematician
• Muhammad Bal'ami, historian
• Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari, physician
• Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami

  D

• Abu Hanifa Dinawari, polymath
• Ibn Durustawayh, grammarian, lexicographer and student of the Quran and hadith
• Ibn Qutaybah, historian

  E

• Abubakr Esfarayeni, physician

  F

• Farghani, a.k.a. Alfraganus, astronomer
• Al-Farabi , philosopher
• Fazari, Ibrahim, mathematician and astronomer
• Fazari, Mohammad, mathematician and astronomer
• Feyz Kashani, Mohsen, theologian
• Firishta, historian
• Ibn al-Faqih, historian and geographer
• Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi, astronomer
• Fazl b. Ruzbihan Khunji, religious scholar, historian and political writer

  G

• Gardezi, Abu Said, geographer and historian
• Ghazali, philosopher
• Gilani, Hakim, royal physician
• Kushyar Gilani, mathematician, geographer, astronomer
• Zayn al-Din Gorgani, royal physician
• Abu Said Gorgani, astronomer and mathematician
• Rostam Gorgani, physician
• Al-Masihi, Avicenn'a master

  H

• Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician
• Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi, physician
• Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan, physician
• Hakim Nishaburi, Islamic scholar
• Hallaj, mystic-philosopher
• Hamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali, poet and philosopher
• Harawi, Abolfadl, astronomer of Buyid dynasty
• Harawi, Muwaffak, pharmacologist
• Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf, physician
• Hasani, Qavameddin, physician
• Ibn Hindu, man of letters, physician
• Haji Bektash Veli, mystic
• Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, jurisconsult, mystic, philosopher, poet and mathematician
• Haseb Tabari, astronomer
• Hammam ibn Munabbih, Islamic scholar
• Hamza al-Isfahani, philologist and historian
• Abu Ja'far ibn Habash

  I

• Ibn Abi Sadiq, "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple
• Ibn Khordadbeh, geographer
• Ibn Rustah, explorer and geographer
• Ilaqi, Yusef, Avicenna's pupil
• Mansur ibn Ilyas, physician
• Ibn Sina, philosopher and physician
• Isfahani, Jalaleddin, physician
• Isfahani, Husayn, physician
• Estakhri, geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills
• Iranshahri, philosopher, teacher of Muhammad Zakaria Razi
• Al-Isfizari, mathematician and astronomer

  J

• Jabir ibn Hayyan, polymath, considered the father of chemistry, emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science
• Jaghmini, physician
• Jaldaki, physician
• Ismail al-Jazari, polymath, mathematician, inventor
• Juvayni, historian
• Juwayni, philosopher, theologian
• Juzjani, Abu Ubaid, physician
• Jamal al-Din, astronomer
• Jamasp, philosopher
• Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī, geometer

  K

• Karaji, mathematician
• Jamshid-i Kashani, astronomer and mathematician
• Kashfi, Jafar, theologian
• Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni, physician
• Kermani, Iwad, physician
• Kermani, Shams-ud-Din, Islamic scholar
• Al-Khazini, physicist
• Khayyam, Omar, poet, mathematician, and astronomer
• Khorasani, Sultan Ali, physician
• Al-Kharaqī, astronomer and mathematician
• Khujandi, mathematician and astronomer
• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer
• Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī, logician and philosopher
• Shams al-Din al-Khafri, astrologer
• Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, mathematician and astronomer
• Kubra, Najmeddin
• Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani, mathematician, astronomer
• Abu Zayn Kahhal, physician

  M

• Mahani, mathematician and astronomer
• Majusi, Ibn Abbas, physician
• Marvazi, Abu Taher, philosopher
• Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, mathematician, astronomer, geographer
• Masawaiyh, or Masuya
• Mashallah ibn Athari, of Jewish origins, from Khorasan who designed the city of Baghdad based on Firouzabad
• Mirza Ali Hakim, physician
• Miskawayh, philosopher
• Sharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi, physician
• Hamdallah Mustawfi, geographer
• Mulla Sadra, philosopher
• Ibn al-Muqaffa', founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamid
• bin Musa, Hasan, astronomer, mathematician
• bin Musa, Ahmad, astronomer, inventor
• bin Musa, Muhammad, astronomer, mathematician
• Muhammad ibn Muhammad Tabrizi, philosopher
• Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Islamic scholar
• Muqatil ibn Sulayman, mufassir of Quran
• Ibn Manda, Hadith scholar
• Abu Ahmad Monajjem, music theorist, literary historian
• Masarjawaih, physician
• Muhammad Abdolrahman, physician

  N

• Nagawri, physician
• Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar
• Nahavandi, Ahmad, astronomer
• Nakhshabi, physician
• Nasir Khusraw, scientist, Ismaili scholar, mathematician, philosopher, traveler and poet
• Natili Tabari, physician
• Naubakht, designer of the city of Baghdad
• Naubakht, Fadhl ibn, astronomer
• Nawbakhty, Islamic scholar, philosopher
• Nizam al-Din Nishapuri, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, exegete, and poet
• Nawbakhti, Ruh, Islamic scholar
• Nayrizi, mathematician and astronomer
• Naqshband, Baha ud-Din, philosopher
• Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri, physician
• Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Islamic scholar
• Nurbakhshi, physician
• Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi, theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historian
• Al-Nasa'i, hadith collector
• Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi, historian and biographer
• Abu Nu`aym, Islamic scholar

  P

• Paul the Persian, philosopher

  Q

• Qazwini, Zakariya, physician
• Qumi, Qazi Sa’id, theologian
• Qumri, physician
• Ali Qushji, mathematician, astronomer and physician
• Ali al-Qari, Islamic scholar
• Ali Ibn Ibrahim Qomi, jurist and Shia scholar
• Al-Quda'i, judge, preacher and historian in Fatimid Egypt

  R

• Razi, Amin, geographer
• Razi Amoli, Fakhreddin, philosopher
• Razi, Zakariya , chemist and physicist
• Razi, Najmeddin, mystic
• Rumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad, Muslim poet, jurist, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic
• Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, historian, physician and politician
• Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi, Ismaili philosopher
• Rudaki, Persian poet

  S

• Sabzevari, Mulla Hadi, poet and philosopher
• Saghani Ostorlabi, astronomer
• Sahl, Fadl ibn, astronomer
• Sahl, Shapur ibn, physician
• Samarqandi, Najibeddin, physician
• Samarqandi, Ashraf, mathematician, astronomer
• Sarakhsi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Islamic scholar
• Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi, historian, traveller
• Shahrastani, historian of religions
• Shahrazuri, philosopher and physician
• Shahrazuri, Ibn al-Salah, Islamic scholar
• Shaykh Tusi, Islamic scholar
• Ibn Babawayh, theologian
• Ibn Sahl, mathematician, physicist
• Abu ul-Ala Shirazi, physician
• Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb, physician
• Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud, physician
• Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani, physician
• Shirazi, Qutbeddin, astronomer
• Shirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas, physician
• Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas, physician
• Shirazi, Qurayshi, physician
• Shirazi, Sultan Waezin, theologian
• Sibawayh, linguist and grammarian
• Sijzi, mathematician, astronomer and astrologer
• Sijzi, Mas'ud, physician
• Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, astronomer from Ray who invented the meridian ring
• Mūsā ibn Shākir, astronomer
• Suhrawardi, Shahab al-Din, philosopher
• Abu Sulayman Sijistani, philosopher
• ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani, Islamic scholar
• Zayn al-Din Omar Savaji, philosopher and logician
• Zeynalabdin Shirvani, geographer, philosopher and poet
• Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani, Ismaili philosopher
• Abu'l-'Anbas Saymari, astrologer

  T

• Tabarani, Abu al-Qasim, Islamic scholar
• Tabari Amoli, historian
• Tabari, ibn Farrukhan, astrologer and architect
• Tabari, Abul Hasan, physician
• Tabari, Ibn Sahl, Jewish convert physician, master of Rhazes
• Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali, physician
• Taftazani, theologian, linguist
• Tayfur, Ibn Abi Tahir, linguist
• Tirmidhi, Islamic scholar
• Tunakabuni, physician
• Tughra'i, physician
• Tusi, Nizam ol-Molk, Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire
• Tusi, Nasireddin, Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian
• Tusi, Sharafeddin, mathematician
• Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi, Islamic scholar
• 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk, Persian or Turkish mathematician

  U

• Safi al-Din al-Urmawi, musician
• Abu al‐Uqul al‐Tabari, Yemenite astronomer of Iranian origin

  V

• Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat, scholar and physician

  W

• Waqidi, historian
• Wassaf, historian
• Al-Wabkanawi, astronomer

  Y

• Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq, mathematician and astronomer
• Yunus ibn Habib, linguist
• Yahya ibn Ma'in, Islamic scholar
• Yunus Al-Katib Al-Mughanni, musician
• Yahya ibn Abi Mansur, astronomer

  Z

• Zamakhshari, scholar and geographer
• Muhammad Zarrindast, oculist
• Zayn-e-Attar, physician
• Zarir Jurjani, mathematician and astronomer
• Zakariya al-Qazwini physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer