List of republics


This is a list of republics. For antiquity the assessment of whether a state organisation is a republic is based on retrospective analysis by historians and political theorists. For more recent systems of government, worldwide organisations with a broad political acceptance, can provide information on whether or not a sovereign state is referred to as a republic.

List by period

Antiquity

Middle Ages

A maritime republic was a thalassocratic city-state during the Middle Ages in which the merchant class had considerable power.
A free imperial city was a self-ruling city member of the Holy Roman Empire that was represented in the Imperial Diet.
A sister republic was a client state of France established by French armies or by local revolutionaries and assisted by the First French Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars.

19th century

Africa
North America
South America
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Africa
America
Asia
Europe
Oceania
In modern usage, a republican system of government is loosely applied to any state which claims this designation. For example, the Dominican Republic under Rafael Trujillo is considered a republic, as is the Republic of Iraq under Saddam Hussein and The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics under Joseph Stalin. The Kingdom of Sweden is not a republic, but the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is.

Arab republics

are associations of sovereign states, usually having power over critical common issues such as defense and foreign policy:
A crowned republic, is a form of constitutional monarchy where the monarch's role is commonly seen as largely ceremonial and where all the royal prerogatives are prescribed by custom and law in such a way that the monarch has limited discretion over governmental and constitutional issues.
These are republics that use the word "democratic" in their official name. Their actual political systems can vary considerably.
s are federal states in which the administrative divisions theoretically retain a degree of autonomy which is constitutionally protected, and cannot be revoked unilaterally by the national government. Federal republics are not unitary states.
Republics governed in accordance with Islamic law:
s are said to be governed by the people. The name is most often used by communist states.

Current people's republics

These are republics that use the word "socialist" in their official name.
Unitary republics are unitary states which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature. Unitary states are not federations or confederations.