List of wars involving Poland
This is a chronological list of military conflicts in which Polish armed forces fought or took place on Polish territory from the reign of Mieszko I to the ongoing military operations.
This list does not include peacekeeping operations, humanitarian missions or training missions supported by the Polish Armed Forces.
The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
Piast Poland
During the Middle Ages, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow West Slavic peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as Mieszko I, Boleslaw I Chrobry and their descendants, and then defend the lands acquired in the west from the Holy Roman Empire. In the east and south it struggled with Ruthenia, Bohemia and Tatar raiders. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent Lithuanian and Prussian raids.Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
963 | Otto I's raid on Poland | Duchy of Poland | Holy Roman Empire | Polish defeat |
964–972
| Fights of Mieszko I in Western Pomerania | Duchy of Poland | VeletiWolinians Sorbian March | Polish victory |
979 | Otto II's raid on Poland | Duchy of Poland | Holy Roman Empire | Polish victory |
981 | Polish raid on Pomerelia | Duchy of Poland | Pomerelia | Polish victory |
981 | Rus raid on Cherven Cities | Duchy of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
985 | Polish-Saxon invasion of Veleti | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Veleti | Polish and Saxon victory |
988–990 | Polish-Bohemian War | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
992 | Polish-German invasion of Veleti | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Veleti | Polish and German victory |
995 | Polish-German invasion of Obotrites | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Obotrites | Polish and German victory |
1002–1018 | Wars against Holy Roman Empire | Duchy of PolandMoravians | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia Kievan Rus'Veleti | Peace of Bautzen |
1015–1019 | Boleslaw I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis | Duchy of Poland Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Hungary | Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1022 | Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest | Duchy of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1028–1031 | Polish-German War | Mieszko II Lambert Kingdom of Hungary | Holy Roman Empire Bezprym Duchy of Bohemia Kievan Rus' | Victory for Bezprym |
1031–1032 | Pagan reaction in Poland | Bezprym | Pagans and magnates | Defeat of Bezprym |
1038–1047 | Pagan reaction and popular uprising | Casimir I the Restorer Holy Roman Empire Kievan Rus' | MiecławPagans and magnats | Casimir I the Restorer's victory |
1038–1039 | Bretislaus I's raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1042 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Lesser Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1047 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1050 | Casimir I the Restorer's raid on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1051 | Polish-German invasion of Hungary | Kingdom of Poland Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish-German victory |
1060 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish defeat |
1060 | Fights for the Hungarian throne | Béla I Kingdom of Poland | Andrew I | Béla I's victory |
1063 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Pomerelia | Kingdom of Poland | Pomerelia | Polish victory |
1064 | Pomeranians raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Pomeranians | Polish victory |
1069 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1072 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1074 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1074 | Civil war between Solomon king and his cousins Géza and Ladislaus | Géza's army Kingdom of Poland | Solomon's army Duchy of Bohemia | Victory |
1076 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Bohemia | Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1077 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Hungary | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish victory |
1077 | Bolesław II the Generous's raid on Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish victory |
1077–1079 | Internal conflicts | Bolesław II the Generous | Rebels and magnats | Bolesław II the Generous's defeat |
1090–1092
| Four raids on Western Pomerania | Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Bohemia | Western Pomerania | Polish defeat |
1092 | Ruthenian and Cuman raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
1093–1100 | Władysław Herman and Sieciech's fight against Zbigniew and Bolesław | Władysław I Herman Sieciech Duchy of Bohemia | Zbigniew of Poland Bolesław III Wrymouth | Władysław and Sieciech's defeat |
1099 | Władysław I Herman'a raid on Halych | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Halych | Indecisive |
1100 | Pomeranians raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Western Pomerania | Polish victory |
1101 | Cuman raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
1103–1123 | Fourteen Bolesław Wrymouth's raids on Pomerania | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Denmark | Pomeranians | Polish victory |
1103–1108 | Internal conflicts | Bolesław III Wrymouth Kingdom of Hungary Kievan Rus' | Zbigniew of Poland Duchy of Bohemia | Bolesław III Wrymouth's victory |
1108 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Old Prussians | Kingdom of Poland | Old Prussians | Polish victory |
1108–1109 | Three Pomeranians raids on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Western Pomerania | Polish victory |
1108 | Moravians raid on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1108 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Bohemia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1109 | Polish-German War | Kingdom of Poland | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1109–1114 | Three Bolesław III Wrymouth's raids on Bohemia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish victory |
1110 | Zbigniew's and Bohemians raid on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish defeat |
1110–1111 | Bolesław III Wrymouth's raid on Old Prussians | Kingdom of Poland | Old Prussians | Polish victory |
1117 | Skarbimir's rebellion | Kingdom of Poland | Skarbimir | Polish victory |
1121–1124 | Fights in Rus' | Kingdom of Poland Kievan Rus' Duchy of Bohemia Kingdom of Hungary | Principality of Halych | Polish victory |
1120 | Ruthenian and Cuman raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kievan Rus' | Polish defeat |
1120 | Polish raid into Pomerania | Kingdom of Poland | Western Pomerania | Control over Pomerania is reasserted |
1126 | Hungarian raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish defeat |
1127 | Polish raid on Hungary | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish victory |
1131–1134 | Six Bohemian raids on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Bohemia | Polish defeat |
1132 | Bolesław III Wrymouth' raid on Hungary | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish defeat |
1135 | Fights in Rus' | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Halych | Polish victory |
1144–1320 | Battles during feudal fragmentation | Local dukes | Local dukes | The weakening and internal breakdown of the country |
1139–1142 | Fights between Duchy of Masovia and Rus' | Bolesław IV the Curly | Kievan Rus' | Bolesław IV the Curly's defeat |
1144–1146 | Two Polish-Ruthenian raids on Halych | Władysław II the Exile Kievan Rus' | Principality of Halych | Ruthenian and Polish victory |
1146 | Polish-German War | Mieszko III the Old | Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia | Mieszko III the Old's victory |
1147 | Albert the Bear and Mieszko III the Old's crusade for Polabian Slavs | Mieszko III the OldNorthern March | Polabian SlavsVeleti | The victory crusade |
1147 | Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly Kievan Rus' | Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly's victory |
1154–1155 | Henry of Sandomir's crusade to Palestine | Polish knights | Saracen | Henry of Sandomir's victory |
1157 | Polish-German War | Bolesław IV the Curly | Holy Roman Empire | Peace of Krzyszkowo |
1166 | Bolesław IV the Curly's raid on Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly | Old Prussians | Bolesław IV the Curly's defeat |
1180 | Duke Wasylek's fight for Brześć | Principality of Drohiczyn Casimir II the Just | Kievan Rus' | Casimir II the Just's victory |
1182–1183 | Casimir II the Just's fight for Brześć | Casimir II the Just | Kievan Rus' | Casimir II the Just's victory |
1184 | Frederick I Barbarossa's raid on Poland | Casimir II the Just | Holy Roman Empire | Indecisive |
1187 | Ruthenian raid on Lesser Poland | Casimir II the Just | Principality of Halych | Casimir II the Just's defeat |
1189 | Casimir II the Just's raid on Halych | Casimir II the Just | Kingdom of Hungary Principality of Halych | Casimir II the Just's victory |
1194 | Casimir II the Just's raid on Yotvingians | Casimir II the Just | Yotvingians | Casimir II the Just's victory |
1199 | Leszek I the White's raid on Halych | Leszek I the White | Principality of Halych | Leszek I the White's victory |
1205 | Roman the Great's raid on Poland | Leszek I the White | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek I the White's victory |
1207 | Leszek I the White's raid on Rus' | Leszek I the White Konrad I of Masovia | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek I the White's victory |
1209–1211 | First War For Lebus | Henry I the Bearded Władysław III Spindleshanks | Sorbian March | Henry I the Bearded and Władysław III Spindleshanks's victory |
1212 | Polish raid into Pomerania | Kingdom of Poland | Polish victory | |
1214 | Leszek I the White's raid on Volodymyr-Volynskyi | Leszek I the White Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek I the White's victory |
1215 | Hungarian raid on Poland | Casimir II the Just | Kingdom of Hungary | Casimir II the Just's defeat |
1218–1221 | Polish-Hungarian-Ruthenian War | Leszek I the White Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek I the White's defeat |
1219–1222 | Three Old Prussians raids on Lesser Poland | Konrad I of Masovia | Old Prussians | Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
1222–1223 | Two Polish raids on Old Prussians | Local dukes | Old Prussians | Polish Victory |
1225 | Prussian raid on Lesser Poland | Konrad I of Masovia | Old Prussians | Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
1225–1230 | Second War For Lebus | Henry I the Bearded | Landgraviate of Thuringia | Henry I the Bearded's victory |
1234 | Polish-Teutonic crusade on Old Prussians | Local dukes Teutonic Knights | Old Prussians | Polish-Teutonic victory |
1236–1237 | Wars between Konrad I of Masovia and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Konrad I of Masovia | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Konrad I of Masovia's defeat |
1238–1240 | Third War For Lebus | Henry I the Bearded | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Henry I the Bearded's victory |
1241 | First Mongol invasion of Poland | Local dukes Military orders | Mongol Empire | Polish defeat |
1247–1252 | Przemysł I's fight against Brandenburg | Przemysł I | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Przemysł I's victory |
1248–1455 | Three raids on Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste Siemowit I of Masovia Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
1259 | Second Mongol invasion of Poland | Bolesław V the Chaste | Mongol Empire | Polish defeat |
1260 | Bohemian-Hungarian War | Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Silesia Duchy of Austria | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Poland | Bohemian victory |
1262 | Lithuanian raid on Lesser Poland | Siemowit I of Masovia | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Siemowit I of Masovia's defeat |
1264 | Fights against Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste | Yotvingians | Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
1265–1278 | Fights against Brandenburg | Bolesław V the Chaste Przemysł II | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Bolesław V the Chaste's victory |
1278 | Fights for Bohemian throne | Ottokar II of Bohemia Bolesław V the Chaste Przemysł II Henryk IV Probus | Rudolph I of Germany | Przemysł II's defeat |
1280 | War between Leszek II the Black and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek II the Black | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Leszek II the Black's victory |
1282–1283 | Three Lithuanian-Yotvingian raids on Poland | Leszek II the Black | Yotvingians Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Leszek II the Black's victory |
1287–1288 | Third Mongol invasion of Poland | Leszek II the Black | Mongol Empire | Polish victory |
1291–1306 | Six Vytenis's raids on Lesser Poland | Local dukes | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Polish defeat |
1296 | Brandenburgian raid on Rogoźno | Przemysł II | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Przemysł II's defeat |
1308 | Brandenburgian raid on Gdańsk | Władysław I the Elbow-high | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
1308 | Capture of Gdańsk by the Teutonic Knights | Władysław I the Elbow-high | Teutonic Knights | Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
1309 | Capture of Świecie by the Teutonic Knights | Władysław I the Elbow-high | Teutonic Knights | Władysław I the Elbow-high's defeat |
1311–1312 | Rebellion of mayor Albert | Władysław I the Elbow-high | AlbertBurghers of Kraków | Władysław I the Elbow-high's victory |
1316 | Polish-Brandenburgian fights in Greater Poland | Władysław I the Elbow-high | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Władysław I the Elbow-high's victory |
1323 | Polish-Hungarian raid on Ruthenia | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia | Polish-Hungarian victory |
1323 | Władysław I the Elbow-high raid on Płock | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Płock | Polish victory |
1326–1329 | Polish-Brandenburgian fights | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Polish victory |
1326–1332 | Polish–Teutonic War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Hungary | Teutonic Knights Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Masovia | Indecisive |
1332 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Głogów | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Głogów | Polish victory |
1340–1392 | Galicia–Volhynia Wars | Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Masovia Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Grand Duchy of Lithuania Crimean Khanate | Polish victory |
1343 | Fights for Wschowa | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Głogów | Polish victory |
1345–1348 | Polish-Czech War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Hungary | Kingdom of Bohemia | Treaty of Namslau |
1352–1358 | Maćko Borkowic's confederation | Kingdom of Poland | Maćko BorkowicNobles of Greater Poland Margraviate of Brandenburg | Polish victory |
1355 | Teutonic raid on Masovia | Kingdom of Poland Duchy of Masovia | Teutonic Knights | Polish defeat |
1359 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Moldavia | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish defeat |
1368 | Casimir III the Great's raid on Moldavia | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish defeat |
1370 | Branderburgian raid on Santok and Drezdenko | Kingdom of Poland | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Polish defeat |
1370 | Fights for Płock | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Masovia | Polish defeat |
1375–1376 | Fights against Władysław the White | Kingdom of Poland | Władysław the White | Polish victory |
1382–1385 | Greater Poland Civil War | Grzymała | Nałęcz | Victory of the Nałęcz clan |
1381–1385 | Siemowit IV's fight for Polish throne | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Duchy of Masovia | Polish victory |
Jagiellon Poland
For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the Teutonic Order conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke Jogaila as King of Poland which led to a major confrontation at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the Polish Crown.Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
1387 | Jadwiga of Poland's raid on Red Ruthenia | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish victory |
1387 | Polish conquest of Moldavia | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish victory
|
1390–1392 | Lithuanian Civil War | Jogaila Kingdom of Poland | Vytautas Teutonic Knights | Jogaila's victory |
1391 | Fights against Konrad II the Gray for Wschowa | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Oels | Polish victory |
1391–1401 | War against Władysław Opolczyk | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Opole | Polish victory |
1399 | Fights against Golden Horde | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland Teutonic Knights Principality of Moldavia | Golden Horde | Polish and Lithuanian defeat |
1409–1411 | Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Teutonic Knights | First Peace of Thorn |
1414 | Hunger War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Teutonic Knights | Council of Constance |
1415–1419 | Hungarian–Osman War | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Poland | Hungarian/Polish victory | |
1422 | Gollub War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Principality of Moldavia | Teutonic Knights | Treaty of Melno |
1431 | Moldavian raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish victory |
1431–1435 | Lithuanian Civil War | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland Hussites | Grand Duchy of Lithuania Teutonic Knights Livonian Order Golden Horde Principality of Moldavia | Polish victory |
1431–1435/39
| Polish–Teutonic War | Hussites Kingdom of Poland Sigismund Kęstutaitis | Teutonic Knights Švitrigaila | Peace of Brześć Kujawski |
1435 | Odrowąż intervention in Moldavia | Kingdom of Poland Iliaș | Stephen II | Iliaș victory |
1438 | Polish-Bohemian fights for Silesia | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Kingdom of Bohemia Kingdom of Hungary | Polish and Lithuanian defeat |
1438 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1439 | Spytek of Melsztyn's confederation | Kingdom of Poland | Spytek of Melsztyn | Crushing of the confederation |
1440–1444 | Lithuanian-Masovian War for Podlasie | Duchy of Masovia | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Indecisive |
1440–1442 | Civil War in Hungary | Władysław III of Poland Kingdom of Poland | Elizabeth of Luxembourg | Władysław III's victory |
1443 | Battle of Nish | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Serbian Despotate | Victory for the Christian contingent | |
1443–1444 | Crusade of Varna | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungaryothers | Polish-Hungarian defeat | |
1444 | Battle of Kunovica | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary Serbian Despotate | Victory | |
1449–1450 | Fights for Moldavian throne | Kingdom of Poland Aleksander II of Moldavia | Bogdan II of Moldavia | Aleksander II's defeat |
1450–1454 | Fights of Land of Oświęcim | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Toszek | Polish victory |
1453 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish victory |
1454–1466 | Thirteen Years' War | Prussian Confederation Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights Livonian Brothers of the Sword Kingdom of Denmark | Second Peace of Thorn |
1457–1458 | Rebellion of unpaid mercenaries | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of OświęcimMercenaries | Payment of salaries |
1469 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1471 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1471–1474 | Polish-Hungarian War | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Indecisive |
1474 | Polish-Bohemian raid on Silesia | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Bohemia | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish and Bohemian defeat |
1475 | Battle of Vaslui | Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary | Victory | |
1476 | Polish raid on Prussia | Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights | Polish victory |
1476–1482 | War of Succession of Głogów | Kingdom of Poland | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Polish victory |
1478–1479 | War of the Priests | Kingdom of Poland | Nicolaus von Tüngen Teutonic Knights | Polish victory |
1485–1503
| Polish-Ottoman War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Principality of Moldavia Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1490–1492 | Fights for Hungarian throne | John I Albert | Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary | Vladislaus II's victory |
1495 | Polish raid on Płock | Kingdom of Poland | Duchy of Masovia | Polish victory |
1500–1503 | Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Lithuanian defeat |
1501 | Polish raid on Prussia | Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights | Interruption of the expedition because of king's death |
1502–1510 | Polish-Moldavian War | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish victory |
1506 | Tatar raid on Poland and Lithuania | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Crimean Khanate | Polish-Lithuanian victory |
1507–1508 | Third Muscovite-Lithuanian War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Lithuanian victory |
1512 | Tatar raid on Poland | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Crimean Khanate | Polish victory |
1512–1522 | Fourth Muscovite-Lithuanian War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Lithuanian defeat |
1516 | Tatar raid on Podolia and Ruthenia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1519 | Tatar raid on Podolia and Ruthenia | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1519–1521 | Polish–Teutonic War | Kingdom of Poland | Teutonic Knights | Treaty of Kraków |
1524 | Ottoman-Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1526 | Tatar raid on Poland and Lithuania | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1528 | Habsburgian raid on Spisz | Kingdom of Poland | Kingdom of Hungary | Polish defeat |
1528 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish victory |
1530–1531 | Polish-Moldavian War | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish victory |
1534–1537 | Fifth Muscovite-Lithuanian War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Grand Duchy of Moscow | Indecisive |
1535 | Moldavian raid on Podolia and Pokuttya | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish defeat |
1537 | Chicken War | Kingdom of Poland | Nobility | End of rebellion |
1538 | Polish-Moldavian War | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Indecisive |
1549 | Tatar raid on Volhynia and Red Ruthenia | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1550 | Moldavian raid on Bar | Kingdom of Poland | Principality of Moldavia | Polish victory |
1552 | Sieniawski intervention in Moldavia | Kingdom of Poland Alexandru Lăpușneanu | Ioan Joldea | Alexandru victory |
1557 | Zygmunt II August's raid on Livonia | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Livonian Brothers of the Sword | Polish victory |
1557 | Tatar raid on Podolia | Kingdom of Poland | Crimean Khanate | Polish defeat |
1558–1583 | Livonian War | Livonian Confederation Kingdom of Poland Denmark–Norway Swedish Empire | Tsardom of Russia Kingdom of Livonia | Polish victory |
1561–1570
| Northern Seven Years' War | Kingdom of Poland Grand Duchy of Lithuania Denmark–Norway Free City of Lübeck | Grand Duchy of Moscow Kingdom of Sweden | Treaty of Stettin |
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers – Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the partitioning of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.During the 18th century, European powers fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's partition and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
1571 | Danish attack on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Kingdom of Denmark | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1572 | Mikołaj Mielecki's raid on Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Principality of Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1575 | Tatar raid on Red Ruthenia and Podolia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1575 | Russian invasion of Livonia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Tsardom of Russia | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1576–77 | Danzig rebellion | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | City of Danzig | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1577 | Tatar raid on Podolia, Red Ruthenia and Volhynia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1577–82 | Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Transylvania | Tsardom of Russia | Truce of Jam Zapolski |
1578 | Tatar raid on Podolia, Red Ruthenia and Volhynia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1587–88 | War of the Polish Succession | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Archduchy of Austria | Maximilian III's defeat |
1589 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1591–93 | Kosiński Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Crushing of the rebellion |
1594–96 | Nalyvaiko Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Crushing of the rebellion |
1595 | Jan Zamoyski's raid on Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1598–99 | War against Sigismund | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Sigismund III Vasa's defeat |
1599–1600 | Fights against Michael the Brave | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Ieremia Movilă | Principality of Wallachia Principality of Transylvania | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1600–11 | Polish–Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Indecisive |
1605–18 | Polish–Muscovite War | Szlachta | Tsardom of Russia | Truce of Deulino |
1606 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1606–09 | Zebrzydowski Rebellion | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Nobility | Crushing of the rebellion |
1607 | Stefan Potocki's raid on Moldavia | Stefan Potocki | Principality of Moldavia | Stefan Potocki's victory |
1612 | Stefan Potocki's raid on Moldavia | Stefan Potocki | Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia | Stefan Potocki's defeat |
1612 | Four Tatar raids on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1615–16 | Samuel Korecki's raid on Moldavia | Samuel Korecki | Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia | Polish defeat |
1617–18 | Polish–Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Indecisive |
1618 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1619 | Battle of Humenné | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Principality of Transylvania | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1620–21 | Polish–Ottoman War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Moldavia | Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia | Treaty of Khotyn |
1621–26 | Polish–Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1624 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1625 | Żmajło uprspring | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Indecisive |
1626–29 | Polish–Swedish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Swedish Empire | Truce of Altmark |
1626 | Three Tatar raids on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1628 | Five Tatar raids on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1629 | Five Tatar raids on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1630 | Fedorovych Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Treaty of Pereyaslav |
1632–34 | Smolensk War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Tsardom of Russia | Treaty of Polyanovka |
1633–34 | Polish–Ottoman War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate Principality of Wallachia Principality of Moldavia | Polish victory |
1635 | Sulima Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Crushing of the rebellion |
1637 | Pawluk Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Crushing of the rebellion |
1638 | Ostrzanin Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossacks | Crushing of the rebellion |
1640 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian defeat |
1643 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1644 | Tatar raid on Poland | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1645–1646 | Polish raid on Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Polish–Lithuanian victory |
1648–55 | Khmelnytsky Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate | Zaporozhian Cossacks Crimean Khanate | Indecisive |
1651 | Kostka-Napierski Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Aleksander Kostka Napierski | Crushing of the rebellion |
1651 | Peasants' Revolt on Cistercian Ląd's Land | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
1654–67 | Russo-Polish War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate | Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate | Truce of Andrusovo |
1655–60 | Second Northern War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Archduchy of Austria Denmark–Norway Tsardom of Russia others | Swedish Empire Brandenburg-Prussia Cossack Hetmanate Principality of Transylvania Tsardom of Russiaothers | Treaty of Oliva |
1663–1664 | Austro-Turkish War | League of the Rhine: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate | Peace of Vasvár |
1665–66
| Lubomirski's Rokosz | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Nobility | Indecisive |
1666–71 | Polish–Cossack–Tatar War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Crimean Khanate Cossack Hetmanate | Indecisive |
1669–1670 | Podhale uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
1672–76 | Polish–Ottoman War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Wallachia | Crimean Khanate Principality of Moldavia | Treaty of Żurawno |
1683–99 | Polish–Ottoman War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Archduchy of Austria | Crimean Khanate | Treaty of Karlowitz |
1686–1700 | Russo-Turkish War | Tsardom of Russia Habsburg Empire Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossack Hetmanate | Crimean Khanate | Victory
Pavlovsk and Mius. |
1697 | François Louis's raid for Polish crown | Augustus II the Strong | François of Conti | Augustus II's victory |
1700 | Lithuanian Civil War | Nobility | Sapieha family | Defeat of Sapieha |
1700–21 | Great Northern War | Tsardom of Russia Denmark–Norway Augustus II the Strong Cossack Hetmanate Kingdom of Prussia Electorate of Hanover others | Swedish Empire Stanisław Leszczyński Cossack Hetmanate others | Treaty of Nystad |
1702–04 | Palej Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Cossack Hetmanate | Crushing of the rebellion |
1715–16 | Tarnogród Confederation | Nobility | Tsardom of Russia | Silent Sejm |
1733–35 | War of the Polish Succession | Stanisław Leszczyński Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain Duchy of Savoy | Augustus III of Poland Kingdom of Prussia | Treaty of Vienna |
1734 | Haidamak Uprising, 1734 | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Haidamakas | Uprising suppressed. |
1750 | Haidamak Uprising, 1750 | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Russian Empire | Haidamakas | Uprising suppressed. |
1764 | Civil War in Poland | Hetmans' Party | Familia | Defeat of Hetmans' Party |
1768–69 | Koliyivshchyna | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Russian Empire | Haidamakas | Victory |
1768–72
| Bar Confederation | Stanisław August Poniatowski | Nobility Haidamaka | First Partition of Poland |
1769 | Šiauliai revolt | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
1792–1797 | War of the First CoalitionPart of the French Revolutionary Wars | *
| * Austria
| French victory; |
1792 | Polish–Russian War of 1792 | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Second Partition of Poland | |
1794 | Kościuszko Uprising | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Kingdom of Prussia | Third Partition of Poland |
19th century and World War I
Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in Napoleon. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then – most of them bloodily repressed.Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
1797 | Denisko Uprising | Joachim Denisko | Austrian Empire | Crushing of the rebellion |
1798–1802 | War of the Second Coalition Part of the French Revolutionary Wars | Polish Legions Denmark–Norway French client republics:
| Second Coalition:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Russian Empire Grand Duchy of Tuscany Order of Saint John Malta French Royalists | French victory
|
1803–1806 | War of the Third CoalitionPart of the Napoleonic Wars | French Empire
| Third Coalition: Kingdom of Sicily French royalists | French victory
|
1806–1807 | War of the Fourth CoalitionPart of the Napoleonic Wars | French Empire French satellites: | Fourth Coalition: Russian Empire United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Saxony Sicily | French victory
|
1809 | War of the Fifth CoalitionPart of the Napoleonic Wars | French EmpireFrench satellites:
| Fifth Coalition: Austrian Empire
Sicily Kingdom of Sardinia Black Brunswickers | French victory
|
1812 | French invasion of RussiaPart of the Napoleonic Wars | French Empire
Austrian Empire Denmark–Norway | Russian victory
| |
1812–1814 | War of the Sixth CoalitionPart of the Napoleonic Wars |
| Original Coalition United Kingdom After Battle of Leipzig
| Coalition victory |
1830–1831 | November Uprising | Kingdom of Poland | Crushing of the rebellion | |
1846 | Kraków Uprising | Poles | Austrian Empire | Crushing of the rebellion |
1846 | Greater Poland Uprising | Poles | Kingdom of Prussia | Crushing of the rebellion |
1848 | Revolutions of 1848 in Poland | Poles | Austrian Empire Kingdom of Prussia | Crushing of the rebellion |
1863–1864 | January Uprising | Poles | Crushing of the rebellion | |
1866 | Siberian Uprising | Poles | Crushing of the rebellion | |
1905–1907 | Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland | Poles | Crushing of the rebellion | |
1914–1918 | World War I | French Third Republic Polish Armed ForcesAllies | Polish LegionsCentral Powers | Treaty of Versailles |
Modern history
In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war. The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the Cold War on the Soviet side. Later, at the beginning of the 21st century Poland is involved in the War against terrorism on the NATO side.Date | Conflict | Allies | Enemies | Result |
1918 | Finnish Civil War | White Finland Poland | Red Finland | Victory
|
1918–1919 | Polish–Ukrainian War | Second Polish Republic Kingdom of Romania | West Ukrainian People's Republic | Polish victory |
1918–1919 | Greater Poland Uprising | Poles | Germans | Polish victory |
1918–1919 | Polish-German skirmishes | Second Polish Republic | Weimar Republic | Indecisive |
1919 | Polish coup attempt | Legal government | National Democracy | Failure of coup |
1919 | Polish–Czechoslovak War | Second Polish Republic | Czechoslovakia | Czechoslovakia annexes Zaolzie |
1919 | Bender Uprising | Kingdom of Romania Supported by: France Only police troops Poland | Communist Insurgents Hungarian Soviet Republic Supported by: | Romanian victory |
1919–1920/21
| Polish–Soviet War | Second Polish Republic France | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic | Polish victoryPeace of Riga, Ukrainian defeat |
1919–1921 | Silesian Uprisings | Poles | Polish defeat Polish victory Indecisive | |
1919–1920 | Polish–Lithuanian War | Second Polish Republic | Lithuania | Polish victory |
1923 | Kraków riot | Second Polish Republic | Workers | Crushing of the rebellion |
1926 | May Coup | GovernmentStanisław Wojciechowski | SanationJózef Piłsudski | Józef Piłsudski's victory |
1932 | Lesko uprising | Sanation | Peasants | Crushing of the rebellion |
1938 | Capture of Zaolzie | Second Polish Republic | Polish victory | |
1939 | World War II – Invasion of Poland | Second Polish Republic | Slovakia | Polish defeat |
1939–1945 | World War II – Polish resistance movement | Polish Underground State | Partial liberation of Poland | |
1939–1945 | World War II – Western Front | Polish government-in-exile France Czechoslovakia Belgium Netherlands Norway Yugoslavia Greece Luxembourg Allies | Axis---- Co-belligerents: | Potsdam Conference |
1943–1945
| World War II – Eastern Front | Poland Bulgaria Hungary ---- Supported by: | Slovakia ---- Co-belligerents: | Potsdam Conference
|
1944–1949 | World War II – Fights against Ukrainian Insurgent Army | The Republic of Poland | Ukrainian Insurgent Army | Crushing of the rebellion |
1944–1956 | Fights against Cursed soldiers | The Republic of Poland | Polish Underground State: | Crushing of the anti-soviet underground organizations |
1945 | Polish–Czechoslovak border conflict of Kłodzko | The Republic of Poland | Indecisive | |
1956 | Poznań protests | People's Republic of Poland | Anti-communist civilian protesters | State military victory |
1968 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia | Warsaw Pact: People's Republic of Poland People's Republic of Hungary People's Republic of Bulgaria | Warsaw Pact victory | |
1990–1991 | Gulf War | Coalition of the Gulf War: Poland United States of America France | Iraq | Coalition victory |
1994–1995 | Operation Uphold Democracy | United States of America Poland Argentina | Haiti | Coalition victory |
2001–present | War on Terror | others | Talibanothers | Ongoing |
2013–2014 | Operation Servalpart of 2012 Northern Mali conflict and the War on Terror | ---- MNLA | Islamic militants
| Victory |