The Lithuanian Literary Society was a literary society dedicated to the Lithuanian language that was active from 1879 to about 1923 in Tilsit, East Prussia. It was the first scientific society dedicated to Lithuanian studies. It sought to document, preserve, and study Lithuanian language, folklore, literature, and cultural heritage. Members of the society were mostly non-Lithuanian scholars and conducted its proceedings in German.
Activities
It was established on October 14, 1879 in Tilsit by members of the Lithuanian Circle fellowship. Society members published scientific studies on the Lithuanian language and culture, collected and published examples of folklore, collected samples of folk art and exhibited them in German institutions. From 1880 to 1912, the society published 31 issues of its journal Mitteilungen der Litauischen literarischen Gesellschaft. It also published 11 books. However, the society did not take a more active role in the Lithuanian National Revival: instead of trying to actively encourage and revive Lithuanian culture, it had a more fatalistic outlook and sought to record and preserve samples of what it considered to be a dying cultural heritage. Therefore, Lithuanian activists established their own societies and publications. However, Lithuanians did not establish their own learned society until 1907 when Jonas Basanavičius established the Lithuanian Scientific Society. In 1905, the society constructed Lithuanian House in the Jakobsruh Park in Tilsit. The house, a replica of a typical house of a Western Samogitian peasant, was constructed for a crafts fair. Visitors to the house could witness traditional crafts and taste traditional Lithuanian food. During the fair, which lasted from June to September 1905, the house was visited by 25,000 people. After the fair, the house remained in the park and was converted into an ethnographic museum. After World War I, due to political tensions over the Klaipėda Region between Germany and Lithuania, the house lost its Lithuanian character: it was referred to only as the Village House and its exhibits were transferred to the Tilsit Museum of Local History. The building was probably destroyed during World War II. The society had a library which grew to about 2000 volumes by 1923. The library contained a few particularly rare books, including grammar Grammatica Litvanica by Daniel Klein and dictionary Vocabvlarivm Litthvanico-Germanicvm et Germanico-Litthvanicvm by Friederich Wilhelm Haack. The library also held an undated publication of Christian Gottlieb Mielcke's poem Pilkalnis, a fact which pushed the date of the first publication of the poem from 1931 to 1892 at the earliest. The publication was discovered and brought to researchers' attention only in 1980. After the disestablishment of the society, the library was transferred to the University of Königsberg. After World War II, the books ended up in the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. Activities of the society diminished during World War I. Post-war economic crisis in Germany and German–Lithuanian conflict over the Klaipėda Region caused the society to cease its activities in 1923. However, exact circumstances of its closure are not known. Some sources claim that it was liquidated in 1925 when its last chairman, Aleksandras Kuršaitis, resigned, but a year later Lietuvos keleivis published a notice that the society changed its name and was reorganized.
