Louis Kugelmann


Louis Kugelmann, or Ludwig Kugelmann, was a German gynecologist, social democratic thinker and activist, and confidant of Marx and Engels.

Personal life

Kugelmann married Gertrud Oppenheim. They had a daughter Franziska Kugelmann .
He met with Karl Marx several times, visited him in Hannover, and exchanged letters with him and Friedrich Engels during the period 1862 to 1893. He was a member of the International Workingmen's Association and later the Social Democratic Party of Germany.

Works