Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award

In Major League Baseball, the Rookie of the Year Award is given annually to two outstanding rookie players, one each for the American League and National League, as voted on by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. The award was established in 1940 by the Chicago chapter of the BBWAA, which selected an annual winner from 1940 through 1946. The award became national in 1947; Jackie Robinson, the Brooklyn Dodgers' second baseman, won the inaugural award. One award was presented for all of MLB in 1947 and 1948; since 1949, the honor has been given to one player each in the NL and AL. Originally, the award was known as the J. Louis Comiskey Memorial Award, named after the Chicago White Sox owner of the 1930s. The award was renamed the Jackie Robinson Award in July 1987, 40 years after Robinson broke the baseball color line.
Of the 140 players named Rookie of the Year, 16 have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame—Robinson, five AL players, and ten others from the NL. The award has been shared twice: once by Butch Metzger and Pat Zachry of the NL in 1976; and once by John Castino and Alfredo Griffin of the AL in 1979. Members of the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers have won the most awards of any franchise, twice the total of the New York Yankees, and members of the Philadelphia and Oakland Athletics, who have produced the most in the AL. Fred Lynn and Ichiro Suzuki are the only two players who have been named Rookie of the Year and Most Valuable Player in the same year, and Fernando Valenzuela is the only player to have won Rookie of the Year and the Cy Young Award in the same year. Sam Jethroe is the oldest player to have won the award, at age 32, 33 days older than 2000 winner Kazuhiro Sasaki. Yordan Álvarez of the Houston Astros and Pete Alonso of the New York Mets are the most recent winners.

Qualifications and voting

From 1947 through 1956, each BBWAA voter used discretion as to who qualified as a rookie. In 1957, the term was first defined as someone with fewer than 75 at-bats or 45 innings pitched in any previous Major League season. This guideline was later amended to 90 at-bats, 45 innings pitched, or 45 days on a Major League roster before September 1 of the previous year. The current standard of 130 at-bats, 50 innings pitched or 45 days on the active roster of a Major League club before September 1 was adopted in 1971.
Since 1980, each voter names three rookies: a first-place choice is given five points, a second-place choice three points, and a third-place choice one point. The award goes to the player who receives the most overall points. Edinson Vólquez received three second-place votes in 2008 balloting despite no longer being a rookie under the award's definition.
The award has drawn criticism in recent years because several players with experience in Nippon Professional Baseball have won the award, such as Hideo Nomo in 1995, Kazuhiro Sasaki in 2000, Ichiro Suzuki in 2001, and Shohei Ohtani in 2018. The current definition of rookie status for the award is based only on Major League experience, but some feel that past NPB players are not true rookies because of their past professional experience. Others, however, believe it should make no difference since the first recipient and the award's namesake played for the Negro Leagues before his MLB career and thus could also not be considered a "true rookie". This issue arose in 2003 when Hideki Matsui narrowly lost the AL award to Ángel Berroa. Jim Souhan of the Minneapolis Star Tribune said he did not see Matsui as a rookie in 2003 because "it would be an insult to the Japanese league to pretend that experience didn't count." The Japan Times ran a story in 2007 on the labeling of Daisuke Matsuzaka, Kei Igawa, and Hideki Okajima as rookies, saying "hese guys aren't rookies." Past winners such as Jackie Robinson, Don Newcombe, and Sam Jethroe had professional experience in the Negro Leagues.

Winners

Key

Year	Links to the article about the corresponding Major League Baseball season
†	Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
^	Denotes player who is still active
*	Denotes year in which the award was shared
§	Unanimous selection
+	Denotes lead Major Leagues in that category

Major Leagues combined (1947–48)

American League winners (1949–present)

Year	Player	Team	Position	Selected statistics	Ref
		St. Louis Browns	OF	.306 batting average 16 home runs 91 runs batted in
		Boston Red Sox	1B	.322 batting average 34 home runs 144 runs batted in
		New York Yankees	3B	.306 batting average 14 home runs 63 runs batted in
		Philadelphia Athletics	P	3.31 earned run average 15 complete games 15–15 record in 37 appearances
		Detroit Tigers	SS	.308 batting average 94 runs scored 209 hits
		New York Yankees	P	3.26 earned run average 199 innings pitched 20–6 record in 37 appearances
		Cleveland Indians	P	2.85 earned run average 227 innings pitched 16–10 record in 32 games started
	^†	Chicago White Sox	SS	.266 batting average 21 stolen bases 69 runs scored
		New York Yankees	SS	.297 batting average 56 runs scored 39 runs batted in
		Washington Senators	OF	.275 batting average 3 home runs 63 runs scored
		Washington Senators	OF	.261 batting average 30 home runs 85 runs batted in
		Baltimore Orioles	SS	.255 batting average 22 home runs 86 runs batted in
		Boston Red Sox	P	3.22 earned run average 178 innings pitched 15–7 record in 25 games started
		New York Yankees	SS	.286 batting average 20 home runs 93 runs batted in
		Chicago White Sox	P	2.33 earned run average 243 innings pitched 19–8 record in 41 appearances
		Minnesota Twins	OF	.323 batting average 32 home runs 94 runs batted in
		Baltimore Orioles	OF	.260 batting average 22 home runs 70 runs batted in
		Chicago White Sox	OF	.273 batting average 44 stolen bases 98 runs scored 29.3 Power-Speed #⁺
	^†	Minnesota Twins	2B	.292 batting average 8 home runs 66 runs scored
		New York Yankees	P	2.05 earned run average 267 innings pitched 17–12 record in 34 games started
		Kansas City Royals	OF	.282 batting average 11 home runs 68 runs batted in
		New York Yankees	C	.302 batting average 53 runs batted in 52% caught stealing percentage in the field
		Cleveland Indians	1B	.275 batting average 9 home runs 48 runs batted in
	^†^§	Boston Red Sox	C	.293 batting average 22 home runs 61 runs batted in
		Baltimore Orioles	OF	.337 batting average 11 triples 73 runs scored
		Texas Rangers	1B	.323 batting average .395 on-base percentage 66 runs batted in
		Boston Red Sox	OF	.331 batting average 47 doubles 105 runs batted in
		Detroit Tigers	P	2.34 earned run average 24 complete games 19–9 record in 29 games started
	^†	Baltimore Orioles	DH	.283 batting average 27 home runs 88 runs batted in
		Detroit Tigers	2B	.285 batting average 3 home runs 58 runs batted in
*		Minnesota Twins	3B	.285 batting average 8 triples 52 runs batted in
*		Toronto Blue Jays	SS	.287 batting average 10 triples 81 runs scored
		Cleveland Indians	OF	.289 batting average 23 home runs 87 runs batted in
		New York Yankees	P	2.05 earned run average 105 innings pitched 8–4 record in 15 games started
	^†	Baltimore Orioles	SS	.264 batting average 28 home runs 93 runs batted in
		Chicago White Sox	OF	.254 batting average 35 home runs 100 runs batted in
		Seattle Mariners	1B	.284 batting average 27 home runs 116 runs batted in
		Chicago White Sox	SS	.273 batting average 9 triples 71 runs scored
		Oakland Athletics	OF	.240 batting average 33 home runs 117 runs batted in
	^§	Oakland Athletics	1B	.289 batting average 49 home runs 118 runs batted in
		Oakland Athletics	SS	.250 batting average 3 home runs 39 runs batted in
		Baltimore Orioles	P	1.69 earned run average 85 innings pitched 27 saves
	^§	Cleveland Indians	C	.290 batting average 9 home runs 66 runs batted in
		Minnesota Twins	2B	.281 batting average 25 stolen bases 78 runs scored
		Milwaukee Brewers	SS	.290 batting average 54 stolen bases 93 runs scored
	^§	California Angels	OF	.283 batting average 31 home runs 95 runs batted in
		Kansas City Royals	DH	.282 batting average 24 home runs 65 runs batted in
		Minnesota Twins	OF	.277 batting average 24 home runs 84 runs batted in
	^†^§	New York Yankees	SS	.314 batting average 10 home runs 104 runs scored
	^§	Boston Red Sox	SS	.306 batting average 30 home runs 122 runs scored
		Oakland Athletics	OF	.288 batting average 18 home runs 89 runs batted in
		Kansas City Royals	OF	.293 batting average 22 home runs 108 runs batted in
		Seattle Mariners	P	3.16 earned run average 78 strikeouts 37 saves
		Seattle Mariners	OF	.350 batting average 56 stolen bases⁺ 242 Hits⁺ 127 runs scored
		Toronto Blue Jays	3B	.279 batting average 24 home runs 84 runs batted in
		Kansas City Royals	SS	.287 batting average 21 stolen bases 92 runs scored
		Oakland Athletics	SS	.239 batting average 22 home runs 64 runs batted in
		Oakland Athletics	P	1.72 earned run average 78 innings pitched 23 saves
	^{^}	Detroit Tigers	P	3.63 earned run average 186 innings pitched 17–9 record in 30 games started
	^{^}	Boston Red Sox	2B	.317 batting average 39 doubles 86 runs scored
	^{^}^§	Tampa Bay Rays	3B	.272 batting average 27 home runs 85 runs batted in
		Oakland Athletics	P	1.84 earned run average 83 innings pitched 26 saves
	^{^}	Texas Rangers	P	2.73 earned run average 69 innings pitched 40 saves
		Tampa Bay Rays	P	2.95 earned run average 117 strikeouts 13–10 record in 29 games started
	^{^}^§	Los Angeles Angels	OF	.326 batting average 30 home runs 129 runs scored 49 stolen bases
	^{^}	Tampa Bay Rays	OF	.293 batting average 13 home runs 53 runs batted in
	^{^}^§	Chicago White Sox	1B	.317 batting average 36 home runs 107 runs batted in
	^{^}	Houston Astros	SS	.279 batting average 22 home runs 68 runs batted in
	^{^}	Detroit Tigers	P	3.06 earned run average 132 strikeouts 11–7 record in 26 games started
	^{^}^§	New York Yankees	OF	.284 batting average 52 home runs 114 runs batted in 128 runs scored
	^{^}	Los Angeles Angels	P/DH	.285 batting average 22 home runs 4–2 record in 11 games started 63 strikeouts
	^{^}^§	Houston Astros	DH/OF	.313 batting average 27 home runs 78 runs batted in 58 runs scored

National League winners (1949–present)

Year	Player	Team	Position	Selected statistics	Ref
		Brooklyn Dodgers	P	3.17 earned run average 5 shutouts 17–8 record in 31 games started
		Boston Braves	OF	.273 batting average 35 stolen bases 100 runs scored
	^†	New York Giants	OF	.274 batting average 20 home runs 68 runs batted in
		Brooklyn Dodgers	P	2.15 earned run average 15 saves 15–4 record in 56 appearances
		Brooklyn Dodgers	2B	.278 batting average 17 triples 125 runs scored
		St. Louis Cardinals	OF	.304 batting average 12 home runs 106 runs scored
		St. Louis Cardinals	OF	.281 batting average 17 home runs 68 runs batted in
	^†^§	Cincinnati Reds	OF	.290 batting average 38 home runs 122 runs scored
		Philadelphia Phillies	P	3.08 earned run average 188 strikeouts 19–8 record in 33 games started
	^†^§	San Francisco Giants	1B	.312 batting average 25 home runs 96 runs batted in
	^†^§	San Francisco Giants	1B	.354 batting average 13 home runs 38 runs batted in
		Los Angeles Dodgers	OF	.268 batting average 23 home runs 77 runs batted in
	^†	Chicago Cubs	OF	.278 batting average 25 home runs 86 runs batted in
		Chicago Cubs	2B	.260 batting average 90 runs scored Gold Glove Award
		Cincinnati Reds	2B	.273 batting average 9 triples 101 runs scored
		Philadelphia Phillies	3B	.318 batting average 13 triples 125 runs scored
		Los Angeles Dodgers	2B	.250 batting average 12 home runs 69 runs batted in
		Cincinnati Reds	2B	.284 batting average 9 home runs 72 runs scored
	^†	New York Mets	P	2.76 earned run average 251 innings pitched 16–13 record in 34 games started
	^†	Cincinnati Reds	C	.275 batting average 15 home runs 82 runs batted in
		Los Angeles Dodgers	2B	.271 batting average 4 home runs 69 runs scored
		Montreal Expos	P	3.60 earned run average 284 innings pitched 18–11 record in 43 appearances
		Atlanta Braves	C	.260 batting average 33 home runs 87 runs batted in
		New York Mets	P	2.32 earned run average 244 innings pitched 15–10 record in 32 games started
		San Francisco Giants	OF	.300 batting average 12 home runs 74 runs scored
		St. Louis Cardinals	OF	.309 batting average 30 stolen bases 81 runs scored
		San Francisco Giants	P	2.88 earned run average 215 strikeouts 15–9 record on 34 games started
*		San Diego Padres	P	2.92 earned run average 16 saves 11–4 record in 77 appearances
*		Cincinnati Reds	P	2.74 earned run average 204 innings pitched 14–7 record in 38 appearances
	^†	Montreal Expos	OF	.282 batting average 19 home runs 65 runs batted in
		Atlanta Braves	3B	.266 batting average 23 home runs 63 runs batted in
		Los Angeles Dodgers	P	3.46 earned run average 242 innings pitched 17–10 record in 39 appearances
		Los Angeles Dodgers	P	2.66 earned run average 84 innings pitched 17 saves
		Los Angeles Dodgers	P	2.48 earned run average 8 shutouts 13–7 record in 25 games started
		Los Angeles Dodgers	2B	.282 batting average 49 stolen bases 88 runs scored
		New York Mets	OF	.257 batting average 26 home runs 74 runs batted in
		New York Mets	P	2.60 earned run average 276 strikeouts⁺ 17–9 record in 31 games started 218 innings pitched 7 Complete Games/3 Shutouts 1.073 WHIP⁺ 1.69 FIP⁺
	^§	St. Louis Cardinals	OF	.267 batting average 110 stolen bases⁺ 107 runs scored
		St. Louis Cardinals	P	2.08 earned run average 103 innings pitched 36 saves
	^§	San Diego Padres	C	.300 batting average 18 home runs 79 runs batted in
		Cincinnati Reds	3B	.271 batting average 46 stolen bases 74 runs scored
		Chicago Cubs	OF	.293 batting average 24 stolen bases 64 runs scored
		Atlanta Braves	OF	.282 batting average 28 home runs 78 runs batted in
	^†	Houston Astros	1B	.294 batting average 15 home runs 82 runs batted in
		Los Angeles Dodgers	1B	.257 batting average 20 home runs 88 runs batted in
	^†^§	Los Angeles Dodgers	C	.318 batting average 35 home runs 112 runs batted in
	^§	Los Angeles Dodgers	OF	.306 batting average 16 home runs 56 runs batted in
		Los Angeles Dodgers	P	2.54 earned run average 236 strikeouts 13–6 record in 28 games started
		Los Angeles Dodgers	OF	.291 batting average 12 home runs 59 runs batted in
	^§	Philadelphia Phillies	3B	.283 batting average 21 home runs 92 runs batted in
		Chicago Cubs	P	3.40 earned run average 233 strikeouts 13–6 record in 26 games started
		Cincinnati Reds	P	2.41 earned run average 19 saves 12–7 record in 62 appearances
		Atlanta Braves	SS	.295 batting average 40 stolen bases 87 runs scored
	^{^}^§	St. Louis Cardinals	3B	.329 batting average 37 home runs 130 runs batted in
		Colorado Rockies	P	4.52 earned run average 185 innings pitched 16–8 record in 32 games started
		Florida Marlins	P	3.30 earned run average 160 innings pitched 14–6 record in 27 games started
		Pittsburgh Pirates	OF	.282 batting average 26 home runs 82 runs batted in
		Philadelphia Phillies	1B	.288 batting average 22 home runs 63 runs batted in
	^{^}	Florida Marlins	SS	.292 batting average 51 stolen bases 119 runs scored
	^{^}	Milwaukee Brewers	3B	.324 batting average 34 home runs 97 runs batted in
	^{^}	Chicago Cubs	C	.285 batting average 23 home runs 86 runs batted in
	^{^}	Florida Marlins	OF	.321 batting average 162 base hits 84 runs scored
	^{^}	San Francisco Giants	C	.305 batting average 18 home runs 67 runs batted in
	^{^}^§	Atlanta Braves	P	2.10 earned run average 127 strikeouts in 77 innings pitched 46 saves
	^{^}	Washington Nationals	OF	.270 batting average 22 home runs 59 runs batted in
		Miami Marlins	P	2.19 earned run average 0.98 WHIP 12 wins
	^{^}	New York Mets	P	2.69 earned run average 1.14 WHIP 9 wins
	^{^}^§	Chicago Cubs	3B	.275 batting average 26 home runs 99 runs batted in
	^{^}^§	Los Angeles Dodgers	SS	.308 batting average 26 home runs 72 runs batted in
	^{^}^§	Los Angeles Dodgers	1B	.267 batting average 39 home runs 97 runs batted in
	^{^}	Atlanta Braves	OF	.293 batting average 26 home runs 64 runs batted in
	^{^}	New York Mets	1B	.260 batting average 53 home runs⁺ 120 runs batted in 103 runs scored

Wins by team

Only the Arizona Diamondbacks have never had a player win the Rookie of the Year Award. The Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have won more than any other team with 18.

Teams	Awards	Years
Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers	18	1947, 1949, 1952-53, 1960, 1965, 1969, 1979-82, 1992-96, 2016-17
New York Yankees	9	1951, 1954, 1957, 1962, 1968, 1970, 1981, 1996, 2017
Boston/Atlanta Braves	8	1948, 1950, 1971, 1978, 1990, 2000, 2011, 2018
Philadelphia/Oakland Athletics	8	1952, 1986-88, 1998, 2004-05, 2009
St. Louis Browns/Baltimore Orioles	7	1949, 1960, 1965, 1973, 1977, 1982, 1989
Cincinnati Reds	7	1956, 1963, 1966, 1968, 1976, 1988, 1999
Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins	7	1958-59, 1964, 1967, 1979, 1991, 1995
Boston Red Sox	6	1950, 1961, 1972, 1975, 1997, 2007
Chicago Cubs	6	1961-62, 1989, 1998, 2008, 2015
Chicago White Sox	6	1956, 1963, 1966, 1983, 1985, 2014
New York Mets	6	1967, 1972, 1983, 1984, 2014, 2019
New York/San Francisco Giants	6	1951, 1958-59, 1973, 1975, 2010
St. Louis Cardinals	6	1954-55, 1974, 1985-86, 2001
Detroit Tigers	5	1953, 1976, 1978, 2006, 2016
Cleveland Indians	4	1955, 1971, 1980, 1990
Kansas City Royals	4	1969, 1994, 1999, 2003
Miami Marlins	4	2003, 2006, 2009, 2013
Philadelphia Phillies	4	1957, 1964, 1997, 2005
Houston Astros	3	1991, 2015, 2019
Los Angeles Angels	3	1993, 2012, 2018
Seattle Mariners	3	1984, 2000-01
Tampa Bay Rays	3	2008, 2011, 2013
Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals	3	1970, 1977, 2012
Milwaukee Brewers	2	1992, 2007
San Diego Padres	2	1976, 1987
Texas Rangers	2	1974, 2010
Toronto Blue Jays	2	1979, 2002
Colorado Rockies	1	2002
Pittsburgh Pirates	1	2004
Arizona Diamondbacks	0	none

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