The master of the treasury or treasurer was a royal official in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century. Although treasurers were initially responsible for collecting and administering royal revenues, they adopted more and more judiciary functions and turned into the highest judges of the realm. From the 14th century, treasurers presided over the court of appeals for a group of the free royal cities, including Buda, Bártfa, Eperjes, Kassa, Nagyszombat and Pressburg . The name is derived from the Slavic word tovor.
Middle Ages
Initially, the treasurer was the administrator of the royal treasury in the early Hungarian state. In the 12th and 13th century, besides the curia regis, he became also responsible for the remaining properties of the king. When the royal properties were considerably reduced under King Andrew II of Hungary, the treasurer also became responsible for all royal income from royal régales, from the taxes of royal towns etc. Under King Charles Robert he became a kind of combined finance minister and minister of economy. In 1385, the actual treasurer function, i.e. administrator of the royal treasury, became the responsibility of a separate person, who was the treasurer 's deputy first, and later a separate royal officer. The observance of rights and duties of royal towns was also the responsibility of the treasurer. Since the importance of these towns increased in the 14th and 15th century, the treasurer's importance increased as well. He became also the judge charged with appeals from major free royal towns. Around 1400, the list of these towns was not stabilized yet, but from the first half of the 15th century, these towns stabilised , Pressburg, Nagyszombat, Eperjes, Sopron and Bártfa ) and were called "tavernical towns". In the course of the 15th century, these tavernical courts became the only courts of the tavernical towns. By the late 15th century, the associate judges of these courts were representatives of the tavernical towns only. The law applied in these courts was a special "tavernical law", the first collection of which arose in 1412-18. It was used as special law system until the 18th century. The treasurer was also a member of the Royal Chamber and later also of the Vice-regency council.
Modern times
After the creation of the Hungarian Chamber, the influence of the treasurer further decreased, because this authority took over many of his tasks. The function was abolished de facto in 1848; the treasurer's function, however, continued to exist formally till 1918 as the fourth highest royal dignitary, who was member of the Upper Chamber of the parliament of the Kingdom of Hungary and played a certain role in the coronation of the king.
