Mathabhanga I


Mathabhanga I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Mathabhanga subdivision of the Cooch Behar district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Geography

Jorpatki, a constituent panchayat of this block, is located at.
Topographically Cooch Behar district is generally plain land which is low and marshy at some places. “Considering the nature of general surface configuration, relief and drainage pattern, distribution of different types of soil, climatic condition, the formation of geology and forest tracts, the district Koch Bihar falls under Barind Tract. The physiology of this area consists of alluvial soil, generally blackish brown in colour and composed of sand, clay and silt. The soils are loose and sandy throughout the district.” The Himalayan formations in the north end beyond the boundaries of this district. There are no hills/ mountains here. It has a large network of rivers flowing from north-west to south and south-east. The Teesta flows through Mekhliganj CD block before entering Bangladesh. The Jaldhaka and its connected river-streams form a large catchment area in the district. It virtually divides the district into two unequal parts and meets the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh. The Himalayan rivers flowing through Cooch Behar district change courses from time to time. In 1876, W.W. Hunter mentioned the Dharla and the Torsha as the same stream with two names. However, since the advent of the 20th century, these are two different streams meeting the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh.
The hill-streams of Cooch Behar carry debris and silt from the Himalayas and are shallow. During the
monsoons the speed of flow of the rivers almost doubles and the rivers overflow the banks causing floods and devastation. The Mansai, Sutunga, Dharla and Nenda are the major rivers causing floods in the Mathabhanga I CD block.
The Mathabhanga I CD block is bounded by the Mathabhanga II CD block on the north and the east, the Sitalkuchi CD block on the south, the Hatibandha Upazila of Lalmonirhat District of Bangladesh and Mekhliganj CD block on the west.
The Mathabhanga I CD block has an area of 319.39 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 10 gram panchayats, 154 gram sansads, 102 mouzas and 101 inhabited villages. Mathabhanga police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD block is at Sikarpur.
Gram panchayats of Mathabhanga I block/ panchayat samiti are: Bairagirhat, Gopalpur, Hazaraht I, Hazaraht II, Jorpatki, Kedarhat, Kurshamari, Nayarhat, Pachagarh and Sikarpur.

Demographics

Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, the Mathabhanga I CD block had a total population of 218,191, all of which were rural. There were 112,497 males and 105,694 females. There were 30,087 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The Scheduled Castes numbered 150,056 and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 140.
According to the 2001 census, Mathabhanga I block had a total population of 186,683, out of which 96,031 were males and 90,562 were females. Mathabhanga I block registered a population growth of 14.86 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade.
Large villages in the Mathabhanga I CD block are : Bhogramguri, Buraburi, Chengarkhata Khagribari, Chhota Kesarbari, Panigram, Genduguri, Bhagamore, Asakbari Pratham Khanda, Bara Gharia Garkuta, Kauardara, Baisguri, Pachagar, Khaterbari and Jorpatki.
Other villages in the Mathabahanga I CD block include : Gopalpur, Kurshamari and Sikarpur.

Literacy

According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in the Mathabhanga I CD block was 134,517 out of which males numbered 76,500 and females numbered 58,017. The gender disparity was 15.12%.
See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Language and religion

According to the District Census Handbook, Cooch Behar, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.3% of the population of Cooch Behar district, followed by Hindi, Telugu, Sadan/ Sadri, Bhojpuri, Kurukh/ Oraon, Nepali/ Gorkhali and Santali. Marwari, Rajbansi, Munda, Rabha, Rajasthani, Assamese and Koch were the mother- tongues of smaller proportion of the population. People with other mother-tongues formed 6.9% of the population. The proportion of those whose mother-tongue was Bengali declined from 96.1% in 1961 to 90.3% in 2001 and the proportion of those with other mother tongues increased from 0.2% in 1961 to 6.9% in 2001.
According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal. In addition to Bengali, the Nepali language is to be used for official purposes in the three hills subdivisions, namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong, in the district of Darjeeling, and Urdu is to be used for official purposes in district/subdivision/ block/ municipality where the population speaking Urdu exceeds 10% of the total population. The English language will continue to be used for official purposes as it was being used prior to the enactment of these laws.
The West Bengal Official Language Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language Bill, 2018.However, as of 2020, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered. Census 2011 provides language data only at the district and above level.
In the 2011 Census of India, Hindus numbered 176,225 and formed 80.77% of the population of Mathabhanga I CD block. Muslims numbered 40,615 and formed 18.61% of the population. Christians numbered 47 and formed 0.02% of the population. Others numbered 1,304 and formed 0.60% of the population.

Rural poverty

Based on a study of the per capita consumption in rural and urban areas, using central sample data of NSS 55th Round 1999-2000, Cooch Behar district had a rural poverty ratio of 25.62%.
According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 20-26% of the population of Cooch Behar, Birbhum, Nadia and Hooghly districts were below poverty line, marginally higher than the level of poverty in West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.

Economy

Livelihood

In the Mathabhanga I CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 46,317 and formed 47.24%, agricultural labourers numbered 30,606 and formed 31.21%, household industry workers numbered 1,676 and formed 1.71% and other workers numbered 19,457 and formed 19.84%.Total workers numbered 98,056 and formed 44.94% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 120,135 and formed 55.06% of the population.
Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.

Infrastructure

There are 101 inhabited villages in the Mathabhanga I CD block, as per the District Census Handbook, Cooch Behar, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 98 villages have drinking water supply. 23 villages have post offices. 81 villages have telephones. 43 villages have pucca approach roads and 23 villages have transport communication. 16 villages have agricultural credit societies and 6 villages have banks.

Agriculture

Agriculture is the primary mode of living in the district. The entire Cooch Behar district has fertile soil and around half of the cultivated land in the district is cropped twice or more. Paddy and jute are the largest producing crops, followed by potatoes, vegetables and pulses. There are 23 tea gardens on glided slopes. There are some coconut, areca nut and betel leaf plantations. 77.6% of the land holdings are marginal.
In 2012-13, there were 93 fertiliser depots, 1 seed store and 49 fair price shops in the Mathabahnga I CD block.
In 2012–13, the Mathabhanga I CD block produced 48,668 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 19,640 hectares, 37,208 tonnes of Boro paddy from 9,845 hectares, 88 tonnes of Aus paddy from 43 hectares, 347 tonnes of wheat from 120 hectares, 97,005 tonnes of jute from 7,360 hectares and 87,786 tonnes of potatoes from 2,378 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.
In 2012-13, the total area irrigated in the Mathabhanga I CD block was 4,259 hectares, out of which 200 hectares were irrigated by private canal water, 150 hectares by tank water, 786 hectares by river lift irrigation, 128 hectares by deep tube wells, 1,416 hectares by shallow tube wells, 630 hectares by open dug wells, 948 hectares by other means.

Pisciculture

Being a river-bound district, pisciculture is an important economic activity in Cooch Behar district. Almost all the rivers originating in the Himalayas have a lot of fish. The net area under effective pisciculture in 2010-11 in Mathabhanga I CD block was 335.50 hectares. 16,820 persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 15,935 quintals.

Banking

In 2012-13, Mathabhanga I CD block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 4 gramin banks.

Transport

Mathabhanga I CD block has 2 ferry services and 9 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station from the block headquarters was 22 km away.

Education

In 2012-13, Mathabhanga I CD block had 141 primary schools with 16,428 students, 40 middle schools with 24,805 students, 3 high schools with 3,908 students and 15 higher secondary schools with 19,810 students. Mathabhanga I CD block had 1 general degree college with 2,515 students, 422 institutions for special and non-formal education with 27,202 students.
See also – Education in India
According to the 2011 census, in the Mathabhanga I CD block, among the 101 inhabited villages, 6 villages did not have schools, 42 villages had two or more primary schools, 28 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.

Healthcare

In 2013, Mathabhanga I CD block had 2 primary health centres with total 20 beds and 3 doctors. It had 30 family welfare subcentres. 7,123 patients were treated indoor and 45,359 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block. There is a hospital, with 201 beds, in Mathabhanga municipal area.
Asokbari Block Primary Health Centre, at PO Mathabhanga, has the facility of OPD only for the Mathabhanga I CD block. Mathabhanga Subdivisional Hospial functions with 120 beds. There are primary health centres at Pakhihaga and Panaguri .