Meta-Object Facility


The Meta-Object Facility is an Object Management Group standard for model-driven engineering. Its purpose is to provide a type system for entities in the CORBA architecture and a set of interfaces through which those types can be created and manipulated. The official reference page may be found at OMG's website.

Overview

MOF was developed to provide a type system for use in the CORBA architecture, a set of schemas by which the structure, meaning and behaviour of objects could be defined, and a set of CORBA interfaces through which these schemas could be created, stored and manipulated.
MOF is designed as a four-layered architecture. It provides a meta-meta model at the top layer, called the M3 layer. This M3-model is the language used by MOF to build metamodels, called M2-models. The most prominent example of a Layer 2 MOF model is the UML metamodel, the model that describes the UML itself. These M2-models describe elements of the M1-layer, and thus M1-models. These would be, for example, models written in UML. The last layer is the M0-layer or data layer. It is used to describe real-world objects.
Beyond the M3-model, MOF describes the means to create and manipulate models and metamodels by defining CORBA interfaces that describe those operations. Because of the similarities between the MOF M3-model and UML structure models, MOF metamodels are usually modeled as UML class diagrams. A supporting standard of MOF is XMI, which defines an XML-based exchange format for models on the M3-, M2-, or M1-Layer.

Metamodeling architecture

MOF is a closed metamodeling architecture; it defines an M3-model, which conforms to itself. MOF allows a strict meta-modeling architecture; every model element on every layer is strictly in correspondence with a model element of the layer above. MOF only provides a means to define the structure, or abstract syntax of a language or of data. For defining metamodels, MOF plays exactly the role that EBNF plays for defining programming language grammars. MOF is a Domain Specific Language used to define metamodels, just as EBNF is a DSL for defining grammars. Similarly to EBNF, MOF could be defined in MOF.
In short, MOF uses the notion of MOF::Classes, as known from object orientation, to define concepts on a metalayer. MOF may be used to define object-oriented metamodels as well as non object-oriented metamodels.
As of May 2006, the OMG has defined two compliance points for MOF:
In June 2006, a request for proposal was issued by OMG for a third variant, SMOF.
The variant ECore that has been defined in the Eclipse Modeling Framework is more or less aligned on OMG's EMOF.
Another related standard is OCL, which describes a formal language that can be used to define model constraints in terms of predicate logic.
QVT, which introduces means to query, view and transform MOF-based models, is a very important standard, approved in 2008. See Model Transformation Language for further information.

International standard

MOF is an international standard:
;MOF 2.4.2
;MOF 1.4
MOF can be viewed as a standard to write metamodels, for example in order to model the abstract syntax of Domain Specific Languages. Kermeta is an extension to MOF allowing executable actions to be attached to EMOF meta-models, hence making it possible to also model a DSL operational semantics and readily obtain an interpreter for it.
JMI defines a Java API for manipulating MOF models.
OMG's MOF is not to be confused with the Managed Object Format defined by the Distributed Management Task Force in section 6 of the Common Information Model Infrastructure Specification, version 2.5.0.