Method (music)
In music, a method is a kind of textbook for a specified musical instrument or a selected problem of playing a certain instrument.
A method usually contains fingering charts or tablatures, etc., scales and numerous different exercises, sometimes also simple etudes, in different keys, in ascending order as to difficulty or with a focus on isolated aspects like fluency, rhythm, dynamics, articulation and the like. Sometimes there are even recital pieces, also with accompaniment. Such methods differ from etude books in that they are meant as a linear course for a student to follow, with consistent guidance, whereas volumes of etudes are not as comprehensive.
As typical instrumental methods are meant to function as textbooks supporting an instrumental teacher, usually no basic or special playing techniques are covered in any depth. Detailed instructions in this respect are only found in special, autodidactical methods.
Some methods are especially tailored for students on certain skill levels or stages of psychosocial development. In contrast, a 'complete' method is meant to accompany the student until he or she becomes an advanced player.
Methods of certain authors or editors have achieved the status of standard works and are published or reissued by different publishing companies and in divers arrangements. The Suzuki Method is probably the most well known example of this.
The following is a list of various methods of historical interest.
Woodwinds
Flute
- Altes, Henry. Method for the Boehm flute.
- Berbiguier, Benoit Tranquille. Flute method.
- De Lorenzo, Leonardo.
- Dressler, Rafael.
- Drouet, Louis. Method of flute playing.
- Fürstenau, Anton Bernhard. Flöten-schule, Op. 42.
- Fürstenau, Anton Bernhard. Die kunst des flötenspiels, Op.138.
- Hugot and Wunderlich. Méthode de flûte.
- Lindsay, Thomas. The elements of flute-playing.
- Monzani, Tebaldo.
- Peraut, Mathieu. Méthode pour la flûte.
- Quantz, Johann Joachim.
- Soussmann, Heinrich. Complete method for flute.
- Tromlitz, Johann George. Unterricht der flöte zu spielen.
- Wagner, Ernest. Foundation to flute playing.
Oboe
- Andraud, Albert. Practical and progressive oboe method.
- Barret, Apollon Marie-Rose. Complete method for oboe.
- Langley, Robin. Tutor for oboe.
- Niemann, Walter. Method for the oboe.
Clarinet
- Langenus, Gustav. Complete method for the Boehm clarinet.
- Bading, Heinrich and Lange, Hermann. Tutor.
- Bärmann, Karl. Volständige clarinett-schule.
- Gabler, Maximillian. Tutor.
- Gräfe, Richard. Method.
- Klosé, Hyacinthe Eléonore.
- Lazarus, Henry. New and modern method for the Albert- and Boehm-system clarinet.
- Magnani, Aurelio. Methode complete de clarinette.
- Mimart, Prospere. Methode nouvelle de clarinette.
- Reinecke, Carl. Foundation to clarinet playing : an elementary method.
- Stark, Robert. Grosse theoretische-praktische clarinett-schule, Op. 49.
Bassoon
- Langey, Otto. Tutor for bassoon.
- Mackintosh, George. New and improved bassoon tutor.
- Weissenborn, Julius. Practical method for the bassoon.
- Weissenborn, Julius and Spaniol, Douglas. ''The New Weissenborn Method for Bassoon.
Saxophone
- Klosé, Hyacinthe and Gay, Eugene. Methode complete pour saxophone.
- Iasilli, Gerardo. Modern conservatory method for saxophone.
- Mayeur, Louis-Adolphe. Method for saxophone.
- Vereecken, Ben. Foundation to saxophone playing.
- Vereecken, Ben. The saxophone virtuoso.
- Ville, Paul de. Universal method for the saxophone.
Brass
Trumpet/Cornet
- Araldi, Giuseppe. Methodo per tromba a chiavi et a macchina.
- Arban, Jean-Baptiste.
- Arbuckle, Matthew. Complete cornet method.
- Brett, Harry. The cornet.
- Brulon, Adolphe. Méthode de cornet à deux et à trois pistons.
- Canti, Antonio. Metodo per cornetto flugelhorn in si bemòlle e per flugel basso.
- Clodomir, Pierre François. Méthode élémetaire de cornet à pistons.
- Dauverné, François Georges Auguste. Methode de trompette à pistons.
- Dauverné, François Georges Auguste. Méthode théorique et pratique du cornet à pistons ou cylindres.
- Dauverné, François Georges Auguste. Méthode pour la trompette.
- Foraboschi Giuseppe. A new and complete instruction book for the trumpet.
- Forestier, Joseph. Method pour le cornet à pistons.
- Guichard, Michel. Grande méthode.
- Hoch, Theodor. Tutor for the cornet.
- Hofmann, Richard. Schule für althorn oder es-cornet.
- Howe, Elias. New cornet instructor.
- Kastner, Jean Georges. Metodo elementare per cornetto a due e tre pistoni.
- Kosleck, Julius. Grosse Schule für cornet a piston.
- Kresser, Joseph Gebhardt. Methode pour la trompette.
- Kueffner, Joseph. Principes elementaires.
- Langey, Otto. Celebrated tutors: b-flat cornet.
- Mariscotti, Luigi. Nouvelle méthode complete de cornet à pistons.
- Roy, Eugene. Methode de trompette sans clefs et avec clefs divisee en deux parties.
- Ryan, Sidney. True cornet instructor.
- Saint-Jacome, Louis. Grand method for the cornet.
- Sedgwick, Alfred. Complete method for the cornet.
- Sinsolliez, Ainé. Méthode complète de cornet à trois pistons.
- Sussmann, Heinrich. Neue theoretisch practische trompeten-schule.
- Weber, Carl. The premier method for cornet.
- Winner, Septimus. The ideal method for the cornet.
- Wurm, Wilhelm. Method for cornet à pistons''.
Horn
- Dauprat, Louis-François.
- Domnich, Heinrich.
- Duvernoy, Frederic.
- Franz, Oscar. Grosse theoretisch-practische waldhorn-schule.
- Frohlich, Joseph. Hornschule.
- Gallay, Jacques-François.
- Göroldt, Johann Heinrich. Hornschule.
- Holyoke, Samuel. The instrumental assistant.
- Kling, Henri.
- Meifred, Joseph. Methode pour le cor chromatique ou a pistons.
- Pepper, James Welsh.
- Simpson, John. The complete tutor for the horn.
- Tully, Charles. Tutor for the French horn.
Trombone
- Arban, Jean-Baptiste. Grande méthode complete pour cornet a pistons et de saxhorn.
- Braun, André. Gamme et méthode pour les trombonnes alto, ténor, et basse.
- Brulon, Adolphe. Methode de trombone a coulisse.
- Cornette, Victor. Method for the trombone.
- Dieppo, Antoine. Méthode complete pour le trombone.
- Fillmore, Henry. Jazz trombonist.
- Fröhlich, Joseph. Vollständige theoretisch-practische musikschule.
- Gebauer, Francois Rene. 50 lecons pour la trombonne basse, alto, et tenor.
- Hampe, Carl. Method for the slide trombone with an appendix for the trombone with valves.
- Kastner, Jean Georges. Method for the trombone.
- Lafosse, André. Methode complete pour le trombone.
- Langey, Otto. Tutor for the tenor slide trombone.
- Müller, Robert. Schule für zugposaune.
- Nemetz, Andreas. Neueste posaun-schule.
- Sordillo, Fortunato. Art of jazzing for the trombone.
- Ville, Paul de. Universal method for slide and valve trombone in bass and treble clef.
- Vobaron, Edmond. Methode de trombone.
- Wirth, Adam. Posaune schule für alto, tenor, und bass posaune''.
Voice
- Abt, Franz.
- Concone, Giuseppe.
- García, Manuel.
- Lamperti, Francesco.
- Marchesi, Mathilde.
- Marchesi, Mathilde.
- Panofka, Heinrich.
- Panseron, Auguste.
- Shakespeare, William.
- Vaccai, Nicola.
Keyboards
Piano
- Clementi, Muzio. Introduction to the art of playing on the pianoforte.
- Cramer, Johann Baptist. Instructions for the pianoforte.
- Czerny, Carl. Complete theoretical and practical pianoforte school, Op. 500.
- Dussek, Jan Ladislav. Instructions on the art of playing the piano forte or harpsichord.
- Herz, Henri. Méthode.
- Hummel, Johann Nepomuk. Ausführliche theoretisch-practische Anweisung zum Piano-Forte-Spiel.
- Philipp, Isidore. Complete school of Technic for the Piano.
- Pollini, Francesco. Methodo del clavicembelo.
- Rimbault, Edward Francis. A child's first instruction book for the piano forte.
- Safonov, Vasily Ilyich. New Formula for the Piano Teacher and Piano Student.
- Daniel Gottlob Türk. Klavier-Schule.
Harpsichord/Clavichord
- Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel.
- Baumgarten, Charles Frederick. The ladies companion, or a complete tutor for the forte, piano forte, or harpsichord.
- Couperin, François. L'art de toucher le clavecin.]
- Gasparini, Francesco.
Organ
- Neukomm, Sigismund. An elementary method for the organ in general.
- Rinck, Johann Christian Heinrich.
Strings
Guitar
- Aguado, Dionisio.
- Carcassi, Matteo.
- Carulli, Ferdinando. Méthode complette.
- Chabran, Carlo Francesco. Complete instructions for the Spanish guitar.
- Giuliani, Mauro.
- Justin Holland. Comprehensive Method for the Guitar and Modern Method for the Guitar
- Jauralde, Nicario. A complete preceptor for the Spanish guitar.
- Legnani, Luigi.
- Shaeffer, Arling.
- Sor, Fernando.
Harp
- Barthélemon, François-Hippolyte. Tutor for the harp.
- Bochsa, Nicholas Charles.
- Dizi, François Joseph. "École de harpe", a complete treatise on the harp.
- Weippert, John Erhardt. The pedal harp rotula.
Mandolin or mandolin-banjo or banjolin
- Edgar Bara. Méthode de Mandoline et Banjoline. Still in print.
- Bartolomeo Bortolazzi. Method in German, Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi
- Giuseppe Bellenghi. Method for the mandolin in three parts, La ginnastica del mandolino, Ascending and descending major and minor scales in all positions for the mandolin
- Giuseppe Branzoli. A Theoretical and practical method for the mandolin
- Ferdinando de Cristofaro. Méthode de mandolin English, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish versions
- Giovanni Cifolelli. Method for the mandolin
- Carlo Curti. Complete Method for the Mandolin English.
- Pietro Denis. Méthode pour apprendre à jouer de la mandoline sans Maître
- George H. Hucke. Forty Progressive Studies for the Mandoline
- Carmine de Laurentiis. Method for the Mandolin
- Salvador Leonardi.
- Carlo Munier. Scuola del mandolino
- Jean Pietrapertosa. Méthode de mandolin In French and English sections in same book
- Janvier Pietrapertosa Fils Méthode de mandolin ou banjoline
- Giuseppe Pettine. Pettine's Modern Mandolin School
- Silvio Ranieri. L'Art de la Mandoline in 4 Bänden, Die Kunst des Mandolinspiels, in 5 Sprachen
- Samuel Siegel. Special Mandolin Studies.
Violin
- Bang, Maia.
- Bériot, Charles de. Method for violin.
- Casorti, August. The Techniques of Bowing, Op. 50
- Geminiani, Francesco.
- Hohmann, Christian Heinrich.
- Laoureux, Nicolaus. A practical method for violin.
- Mozart, Leopold.
- Schradieck, Henry.
- Sevcik, Otakar.
- Sevcik, Otakar.
- Sevcik, Otakar.
- Spohr, Louis.
- Wohlfahrt, Franz. Easiest elementary method for beginners, Op. 38.
Viola
- Cavallini, Eugenio.
- Giorgetti, Ferdinando.
Violoncello
- Davydov, Karl.
- Dotzauer, Justus Johann Friedrich. The violoncello method for elementary teaching, Op. 126.
- Dotzauer, Justus Johann Friedrich. The method of playing harmonics, Op. 147.
- Dotzauer, Justus Johann Friedrich. The practical method of violoncello playing, Op. 155.
- Dotzauer, Justus Johann Friedrich.
- Duport, Jean-Louis.
- Gunn, John.
- Kummer, Friedrich August.
- Lee, Sebastian.
- Popper, David.
- Romberg, Bernhard.
- Schroeder, Alwin. 170 Foundation Studies for Violoncello.
- Schoeder, Carl II.
- Sevcik, Otakar.
- Werner, Josef.
Contrabass
- Fröhlich, Friedrich Theodor.
- Simandl, Franz.