The Meyer was the brainchild of Frenchman Jean-Jacques Meyer, who took out a patent on the design in 1861. The first locomotive, an named L'Avenir, was built by in 1868 with the support of a state subsidy. No wheels are rigidly affixed to the boiler; all are mounted on bogies placed directly under the boiler/cab unit. This compares with a Mallet, where the rear set of wheels are attached to the frame, and only the front set swivels as a bogie. Therefore, boiler overhang is less than that of the Mallet locomotive on a curve of the same radius. Meyers are usually set up as a tank engine, with the boiler/cab unit carrying the water and fuel supplies. A disadvantage of the design is that the firebox is directly above the rear power unit, which limits its size. With two power bogies, flexible steam pipes must be provided to all cylinders. This was difficult to achieve with 19th Century technology. Early Mallet locomotives had compound cylinders, so high pressure steam was provided to the rigid power unit, while the front cylinders received low pressure steam. Meyer locomotives were most common in continental Europe, particularly Germany. A number of Meyer locos can still be found on the narrow gauge railways in Saxony. The most common locomotive is the Saxon IV K.
The Kitson Meyer is most closely associated with Kitson & Co. of Leeds, but was also built by other locomotive builders. The design originated from an idea by Robert Stirling, Locomotive Superintendent of the Anglo-Chilian Nitrate & Railway Company. After placing an order with Kitsons for some conventional locos, he approached them with his ideas for an articulated loco. Kitsons further developed the idea, the first loco being constructed in 1894. The Meyer design was modified by moving the rear power unit further back and allowed the firebox to be between the two power units, thus allowing a larger firebox. The length of engine was increased, with the extra length behind the cab being used for additional water tanks. Some designs had an auxiliary chimney at the rear to avoid the need for an exhaust steam pipe running the length of the engine. Kitson Meyers were widely used in South America, particularly on the Colombian and Chilean railways. It was regarded as the best performing of all articulated designs for railway lines that constantly curved. However fewer than 100 Kitson Meyers were ever built, and it was generally thought that the design suffered from competition with the Garratt. One Kitson-Meyer locomotive known to survive sits in a rather poor state of preservation in Taltal, an old nitrateport town in the Antofagasta Region of Chile. It is parked in front of two old passenger coaches from the nitrate railway at coordinates. Three Kitson Meyers of the Transandine Railways also have survived, one in Argentina and two in Chile. There are also six very derelict locos in the "Locomotive Graveyard" at Uyuni, Bolivia.
Bagnall Modified Meyer
A number of large narrow gaugeindustrial locomotives were built in the U.K. by W. G. Bagnall of Stafford. Generally, these were constructed on the Meyer principle as s, but were fitted with a circular firebox that did not project below the footplate. A number were built for sugarcanerailways in South Africa one of which was imported into the USA and resides on the Cripple Creek and Victor Railway in Colorado where it can be seen in pieces today. The last example, maker's number 3024, named Monarch, was built in 1953 for Bowater's Railway at Sittingbourne in Kent and now resides on the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway.
