After brief stints at local club Polonia Bytom and also Widzew Łódź, Probierz was appointed manager of Ekstraklasa side Jagiellonia Białystok on 5 July 2008. He led Jagiellonia to the final of the Polish Cup in the 2009–10 season, their second final appearance in their club history, beating Pogoń Szczecin 1–0 at the Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Stadium, hence winning their first major Polish trophy. By doing so, Jagiellonia Białystok also qualified for a European competition for the first time ever, entering the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League third qualifying round. At the start of the 2010–11 season, Probierz guided Jagiellonia Białystok to the Polish Super Cup following a 1–0 victory over Lech Poznań. However, Jagiellonia Białystok's European adventure was short-lived as they were eliminated in the third qualifying round by Greek side Aris Thessaloniki, losing 4–3 on aggregate. At the end of the season, he left his managerial role on 22 July 2011.
On 5 September 2011, Probierz was appointed as the new manager of ŁKS Łódź. His reign at the club lasted just 60 days and six matches, and Probierz announced his departure on 4 November 2011 to join Aris Thessaloniki.
Aris Thessaloniki
Probierz took over as manager of Aris Thessaloniki during the 2011–12 season, taking over after Sakis Tsiolis. Probierz's time there was short and following a string of poor results, he left the club by mutual consent on 5 January 2012.
On 1 March 2012, Probierz moved back to Poland, agreeing to become manager of defending champions Wisła Kraków, replacing Kazimierz Moskal. He resigned on 1 October 2012, with Wisła near the bottom of the table.
On 4 June 2013, Probierz agreed to manage Lechia Gdańsk ahead of the 2013–14 season. He stayed until 26 March 2014, where he left the team before they secured a place in the Championship round of games and ended the campaign in fourth place, narrowly missing out on a European spot.
Return to Jagiellonia Białystok
A couple of weeks later after leaving Lechia, Probierz returned to former club Jagiellonia Białystok on 7 April 2014. In his first full season back in charge, he secured a third position in the league table, hence qualifying for the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round. After a poor 2015–16 season, with Jagiellonia ending up in the relegation round, Probierz led the club to their best ever Ekstraklasa season in the 2016–17 season, finishing second behind champions Legia Warsaw. He unexpectedly quit on 4 June 2017.
Cracovia
On 21 June 2017, it was announced that Probierz had signed with Ekstraklasa side Cracovia. He led them to a tenth place in the 2017–18 season but still in the relegation round, Cracovia comfortably topped the group, avoiding relegation to I liga. The next season saw Probierz lead Cracovia to a fourth place in the championship round, meaning they qualified for the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round. Whilst there, Cracovia exited the competition on away goals after drawing 3–3 on aggregate with Slovak outfit DAC Dunajská Streda.
