Qian's research concentrates on development economics, political economy, and economic history. A common theme in her research is to use institutional details, policy shocks, large demographic and historical data to understand the detailed processes of long-run economic, cultural and institutional development. Her research has been influenced by the works of Amartya Sen. In her most well-known paper - Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China - Qian uses the impact of China's economic opening to estimate the effects of parents' relative contributions to a household's income on the difference between boys' and girls' survival rates, which stands at the core of the phenomenon of "missing women" in China. In particular, she finds that China's post-1978 economic opening caused the price for tea in China to increase as a consequence of greatly increased external demand, which in turn tended to increase the income of women in tea-producing regions; this, in turn, had a substantial positive impact on survival rates for girls and educational attainment for all children. She also documents that the centrally planned grain procurement policy contributed to around half of the mortality during China's Great Famine. One of her works, falling under development economics, focuses on the how family size effects a child's educational attainment, a relevant question in the field of labor economics. Her extensive research in China led her to conclude that an increase in family size has a negative effect on child educational attainment, an issue that is specifically prevalent in developing countries. Another influential study shows that U.S. food aid is largely driven by U.S. objectives and can lead to more conflict in recipient countries. A well-cited finding using historical data is that the introduction of the potato within the Columbian exchange may have been responsible for at least a quarter of the population and urbanisation growth observed in the Old World between 1700 and 1900. A paper with Nathan Nunn and Sandra Sequeira shows that historical immigration to the United States increased productivity and innovation. Another paper shows that workers in low-income countries accumulate less skills on the job than workers in rich countries and this contributes to cross-country income differences. Additionally, Qian has done extensive research on the Chinese economy. Qian has consulted for the World Bank, the Global Development Network and the China Development Bank. She is the co-organizer of the China NBER Workshop and an expert for . Her findings have been published in journals such as the American Economic Review, the Journal of Political Economy and the Review of Economic Studies, and featured in media outlets such as the New York Times, NPR and the Wall Street Journal. As of February 2018, Qian belongs to the top 4% of economists ranked on IDEAS/RePEc.
Personal
She is married to economist, Mikhail Golosov, and a member of the Qian family.
Awards
Russell Sage Foundation Award
Kiel Institute Excellence Award in Global Economic Affairs