October 21 Events 1096 - A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fight off the People's Crusade . 1097 - Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon , Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse , begin the Siege of Antioch . 1209 - Otto IV is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III. 1392 - Japanese Emperor Go-Kameyama abdicates in favor of rival claimant Go-Komatsu . 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. 1520 - Ferdinand Magellan discovers a strait now known as the Strait of Magellan. 1520 - João Álvares Fagundes discovers the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon , bestowing them their original name of "Islands of the 11,000 Virgins". 1600 - Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara and becomes shōgun of Japan. 1774 - The flag of Taunton, Massachusetts is the first to include the word "Liberty". 1797 - In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate is launched. 1805 - Napoleonic Wars: A British fleet led by Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Villeneuve in the Battle of Trafalgar . 1824 - Portland cement is patented. 1854 - Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses are sent to the Crimean War. 1861 - American Civil War: Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. 1867 - The Medicine Lodge Treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in western Oklahoma. 1879 - Thomas Edison applies for a patent for his design for an incandescent light bulb . 1888 - Foundation of the Swiss Social Democratic Party . 1892 - Opening ceremonies for the World's Columbian Exposition are held in Chicago, though because construction was behind schedule, the exposition did not open until May 1, 1893. 1895 - The Republic of Formosa collapses as Japanese forces invade. 1907 - The 1907 Qaratog earthquake hits the borders of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, killing between 12,000 and 15,000 people. 1910 - arrives in Halifax Harbour to become the first ship of the Royal Canadian Navy . 1921 - President Warren G. Harding delivers the first speech by a sitting U.S. President against lynching in the deep South. 1931 - A secret society in the Imperial Japanese Army launches an abortive coup d'état attempt . 1940 - The first edition of the Ernest Hemingway novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is published. 1943 - World War II: The Provisional Government of Free India is formally established in Japanese-occupied Singapore. 1944 - World War II: The first kamikaze attack damages as the Battle of Leyte Gulf begins. 1944 - World War II: The Nemmersdorf massacre against the German civilians takes place. 1944 - World War II: The city of Aachen falls to American forces after three weeks of fighting, making it the first German city to fall to the Allies. 1945 - French women vote for the first time during the 1945 French legislative election . 1950 - Korean War: Heavy fighting begins between British and Australian forces against the North Koreans during the Battle of Yongju . 1956 - The Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya is defeated. 1959 - In New York City , the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum opens to the public. 1959 - President Eisenhower approves the transfer of all US Army space-related activities to NASA, including most of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency . 1965 - Comet Ikeya–Seki approaches perihelion, passing 450,000 kilometers from the sun. 1966 - A colliery spoil tip collapses on the village of Aberfan in Wales, killing 144 people, mostly schoolchildren. 1967 - The National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam organizes a march of fifty thousand people from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon. 1969 - The 1969 Somali coup d'état establishes a Marxist–Leninist administration. 1971 - A gas explosion kills 22 people at a shopping centre near Glasgow, Scotland. 1973 - Fred Dryer of the Los Angeles Rams becomes the first player in NFL history to score two safeties in the same game. 1978 - Australian civilian pilot Frederick Valentich vanishes over the Bass Strait south of Melbourne, after reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft. 1979 - Moshe Dayan resigns from the Israeli government because of strong disagreements with Prime Minister Menachem Begin over policy towards the Arabs. 1981 - Andreas Papandreou becomes Prime Minister of Greece , ending an almost 50-year-long system of power dominated by conservative forces. 1983 - The metre is defined as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. 1986 - In Lebanon, pro-Iran kidnappers claim to have abducted American writer Edward Tracy. 1987 - The Jaffna hospital massacre is carried out by Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka, killing 70 ethnic Tamil patients, doctors and nurses. 1994 - North Korea and the United States sign an Agreed Framework that requires North Korea to stop its nuclear weapons program and agree to inspections. 1994 - In Seoul, South Korea , 32 people are killed when a span of the Seongsu Bridge collapses. 2005 - Images of the dwarf planet Eris are taken and subsequently used in documenting its discovery. 2019 - Thirty people are killed in a fiery bus crash in western Democratic Republic of the Congo . 2019 - In Canada , the 2019 Canadian Federal Election ends, resulting in incumbent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau remaining in office, albeit in a minority government . Births 1328 - Hongwu Emperor of China 1409 - Alessandro Sforza , Italian condottiero 1449 - George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence , Irish-English son of Cecily Neville, Duchess of York 1527 - Louis I, Cardinal of Guise 1536 - Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt 1581 - Domenichino , Italian painter 1650 - Jean Bart , French admiral 1658 - Henri de Boulainvilliers , French nobleman 1675 - Emperor Higashiyama of Japan 1687 - Nicolaus I Bernoulli , Swiss mathematician and theorist 1712 - James Steuart , Scottish economist and author 1725 - Franz Moritz von Lacy , Austrian field marshal 1757 - Pierre Augereau , French general 1762 - Herman Willem Daendels , Dutch general, lawyer, and politician, 36th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies 1772 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge , English poet, philosopher, and critic 1775 - Giuseppe Baini , Italian priest, composer, and critic 1790 - Alphonse de Lamartine , French poet and politician, French Head of State 1811 - Filippo Colini , Italian operatic baritone 1821 - Sims Reeves , English tenor and actor 1833 - Alfred Nobel , Swedish chemist and engineer, invented dynamite and founded the Nobel Prize 1845 - Will Carleton , American poet and journalist 1847 - Giuseppe Giacosa , Italian poet and playwright 1851 - George Ulyett , English cricketer and footballer 1868 - Ernest Swinton , British Army officer 1874 - Tan Kah Kee , Chinese businessman, community leader, communist and philanthropist 1877 - Oswald Avery , Canadian-American physician and microbiologist 1884 - Claire Waldoff , German singer and actress 1886 - Eugene Burton Ely , American soldier and pilot 1887 - Krishna Singh , Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Bihar 1894 - Edogawa Ranpo , Japanese author and critic 1895 - Paavo Johansson , Finnish javelin thrower and decathlete 1895 - Edna Purviance , American actress 1896 - Esther Shumiatcher-Hirschbein , Russian-Canadian poet and screenwriter 1898 - Eduard Pütsep , Estonian wrestler and actor 1900 - Andrée Boisson , French Olympic fencer 1907 - Nikos Engonopoulos , Greek painter and poet 1908 - Niyazi Berkes , Cypriot-English sociologist and academic 1911 - Mary Blair , American illustrator and animator 1912 - Don Byas , American saxophonist and educator 1912 - Alfredo Pián , Argentinian race car driver 1912 - Georg Solti , Hungarian-English conductor and director 1914 - Martin Gardner , American mathematician and author 1915 - Owen Bradley , American country music record producer 1917 - Dizzy Gillespie , American trumpet player, composer, and bandleader 1918 - Milton Himmelfarb , American sociologist and author 1918 - Albertina Sisulu , South African anti-apartheid activist 1919 - Jim Wallwork , English-Canadian sergeant and pilot 1921 - Malcolm Arnold , English composer 1921 - Bruce Beeby , Australian-English actor 1921 - Robert Clothier , Canadian actor 1921 - Jim Shumate , American fiddler and composer 1921 - Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld , Dutch astronomer and academic 1922 - Liliane Bettencourt , French businesswoman and philanthropist 1923 - Samuel Khachikian , Iranian director, screenwriter, and author 1924 - Joyce Randolph , American actress 1924 - Julie Wilson , American actress and singer 1925 - Celia Cruz , Cuban-American singer 1925 - Virginia Zeani , Romanian soprano and educator 1926 - Bob Rosburg , American golfer 1926 - Leonard Rossiter , English actor 1927 - Fritz Wintersteller , Austrian mountaineer 1927 - Howard Zieff , American director and photographer 1928 - Whitey Ford , American baseball player and coach 1928 - Eudóxia Maria Froehlich , Brazilian zoologist 1928 - Vern Mikkelsen , American basketball player and coach 1929 - Pierre Bellemare , French radio and television host 1929 - Fritz Hollaus , Austrian footballer 1929 - Ursula K. Le Guin, American author and critic 1930 - Ivan Silayev , Russian engineer and politician, 19th Prime Minister of Russia 1931 - Shammi Kapoor , Indian actor and director 1931 - Jim Parks junior , English cricketer and manager 1932 - Pál Csernai , Hungarian footballer and manager 1933 - Maureen Duffy , English author, poet, and playwright 1933 - Francisco Gento , Spanish footballer and manager 1935 - Derek Bell , Irish harp player, pianist, and songwriter 1935 - Mel Street , American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist 1937 - Said Afandi al-Chirkawi , Russian spiritual leader and scholar 1937 - Hank Nelson , Australian historian and academic 1938 - Carl Brewer , Canadian ice hockey player 1940 - Geoffrey Boycott , English cricketer and sportscaster 1940 - Frances FitzGerald , American journalist and author 1940 - Rhoda Gemignani , American actress 1940 - Manfred Mann , South African-English keyboard player and producer 1940 - Marita Petersen , Faroese educator and politician, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands 1941 - Steve Cropper , American guitarist, songwriter, producer, and actor 1942 - Elvin Bishop , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1942 - Allan Grice , Australian race car driver and politician 1942 - Lou Lamoriello , American ice hockey player, coach, and manager 1942 - Judy Sheindlin , American judge and television host 1942 - Christopher A. Sims, American economist and statistician, Nobel Prize laureate 1942 - John Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington , English police officer and academic 1943 - Tariq Ali , Pakistani historian and author 1943 - Ron Elliott , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and composer 1944 - Mandy Rice-Davies , English model and actress 1944 - Michael Tugendhat , English lawyer and judge 1945 - Nikita Mikhalkov , Russian filmmaker 1945 - Michael White , English journalist 1946 - Jane Heal , English philosopher and academic 1946 - Jim Hill , American football player and sportscaster 1946 - Lux Interior , American singer-songwriter 1946 - Lee Loughnane , American singer-songwriter and trumpet player 1948 - Shaye J. D. Cohen, American historian and academic 1948 - Allen Henry Vigneron , American archbishop 1949 - Michel Brière , Canadian ice hockey player 1949 - Mike Keenan , Canadian ice hockey player and coach 1949 - Benjamin Netanyahu , Israeli captain and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Israel 1950 - Ronald McNair , American physicist and astronaut 1950 - Leela Vernon , Belizean musician and cultural conservationist 1952 - Patti Davis , American actress and author 1952 - Allen Hoey , American poet and author 1952 - Brent Mydland , German-American keyboard player 1953 - Charlotte Caffey , American guitarist and songwriter 1953 - Eric Faulkner , Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1953 - Keith Green , American singer-songwriter, pianist, and minister 1953 - Marc Johnson , American bassist, composer, and bandleader 1953 - Peter Mandelson , English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 1954 - Brian Tobin , Canadian journalist and politician, 6th Premier of Newfoundland 1955 - Dick DeVos , American businessman 1955 - Fred Hersch , American pianist and composer 1955 - Rich Mullins , American singer-songwriter 1956 - Carrie Fisher , American actress and screenwriter 1956 - Mike Tully , American pole vaulter 1957 - Julian Cope , English singer-songwriter 1957 - Wolfgang Ketterle , German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1957 - Steve Lukather , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1958 - Andre Geim , Russian-English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1959 - George Bell , Dominican baseball player 1959 - Rose McDowall , Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist 1959 - Andy Picheta , English director, producer, and screenwriter 1959 - Kevin Sheedy , Welsh-Irish footballer and manager 1959 - Ken Watanabe , Japanese actor and producer 1962 - David Campese , Australian rugby player and coach 1964 - Jon Carin , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer 1965 - Ion Andoni Goikoetxea , Spanish footballer and manager 1965 - Horace Hogan , American wrestler 1965 - Hisashi Imai , Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist 1966 - Phillip Price , Welsh golfer 1966 - Igor Prins , Estonian footballer and manager 1966 - Arne Sandstø , Norwegian footballer and manager 1967 - Georgi Dakov , Bulgarian high jumper 1967 - Paul Ince , English footballer and manager 1967 - Gavin Lovegrove , New Zealand javelin thrower and graphic designer 1968 - Alexandros Alexandris , Greek footballer and manager 1968 - Kerstin Andreae , German politician 1969 - Michael Hancock , Australian rugby league player 1969 - Mo Lewis , American football player 1970 - Louis Koo , Hong Kong actor and singer 1971 - Hal Duncan , Scottish author and poet 1971 - Damien Martyn , Australian cricketer 1971 - Nick Oliveri , American singer-songwriter and bass player 1971 - Conor O'Shea , Irish rugby player and coach 1971 - Paul Telfer , Scottish footballer and coach 1971 - Thomas Ulsrud , Norwegian curler 1972 - Matthew Friedberger , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1972 - Orlando Thomas , American football player 1972 - Evhen Tsybulenko , Ukrainian scholar and academic 1972 - Ashutosh Agashe , Indian businessman and cricketer 1973 - Lera Auerbach , Russian-American pianist and composer 1973 - Charlie Lowell , American pianist and songwriter 1974 - Costel Busuioc , Romanian tenor 1975 - Toby Hall , American baseball player 1975 - Henrique Hilário , Portuguese footballer 1976 - Henrik Gustavsson , Swedish footballer 1976 - Jeremy Miller , American actor and singer 1976 - Lavinia Miloșovici , Romanian gymnast 1976 - Josh Ritter , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1976 - Mélanie Turgeon , Canadian skier 1978 - Joey Harrington , American football player and sportscaster 1978 - Henrik Klingenberg , Finnish singer and keyboard player 1979 - Khalil Greene , American baseball player 1979 - Gabe Gross , American baseball player 1980 - Kim Kardashian , American reality television personality, actress, model, businesswoman and socialite 1980 - Brian Pittman , American bass player 1981 - Martin Castrogiovanni , Argentinian-Italian rugby player 1981 - Nemanja Vidić , Serbian footballer 1982 - Matt Dallas , American actor 1982 - Jim Henderson , American baseball player 1982 - Antony Kay , English footballer 1982 - Hari Kondabolu , American comedian, actor, and podcaster 1982 - Ray Ventrone , American football player 1982 - Lee Chong Wei , Malaysian badminton player 1982 - James White , American basketball player 1983 - Casey Fien , American baseball player 1983 - Zack Greinke , American baseball player 1983 - Brent Hayden , Canadian swimmer 1983 - Gonzalo Klusener , Argentinian footballer 1983 - Andy Marte , Dominican baseball player 1983 - Amber Rose , American model 1983 - Chris Sherrington , English-Scottish martial artist 1983 - Ninet Tayeb , Israeli singer 1983 - Shelden Williams , American basketball player 1984 - Anna Bogdanova , Russian heptathlete 1984 - Tom Brandstater , American football player 1984 - Kenny Cooper , American soccer player 1984 - Anouk Leblanc-Boucher , Canadian speed skater 1984 - José Lobatón , Venezuelan baseball player 1984 - Marvin Mitchell , American football player 1984 - Kieran Richardson , English footballer 1985 - Simone Bracalello , Italian footballer 1985 - Dean Collis , Australian rugby league player 1986 - Almen Abdi , Swiss footballer 1986 - Chibuzor Chilaka , Nigerian footballer 1986 - Scott Rendell , English footballer 1987 - Justin De Fratus , American baseball player 1987 - Andrey Grechin , Russian swimmer 1988 - Ricki Olsen , Danish footballer 1988 - Daniel Schorn , Austrian cyclist 1988 - Natalie Wynn, creator of YouTube channel ContraPoints 1989 - Mads Dahm , Norwegian footballer 1989 - Luke Murphy , English footballer 1989 - Jonathan Viera , Spanish footballer 1989 - Sam Vokes , English-Welsh footballer 1990 - Bengali-Fodé Koita , French footballer 1990 - Mathieu Peybernes , French footballer 1990 - Ricky Rubio , Spanish basketball player 1991 - Tom Eastman , English footballer 1991 - Geoffry Hairemans , Belgian footballer 1991 - Rob Keogh , English cricketer 1991 - Vadaine Oliver , English footballer 1991 - Harry Pell , English footballer 1992 - Marzia Bisognin , Italian businessperson and former YouTuber 1992 - Bernard Tomic , German-Australian tennis player 1995 - Cameron Burgess , Scottish-Australian footballer 1995 - Antoinette Guedia Mouafo , Cameroonian swimmerDeaths 645 - Zhenzhu Khan , khan of Xueyantuo 1023 - Gero, Archbishop of Magdeburg 1096 - Walter Sans Avoir , a leader of the First Crusade 1125 - Cosmas of Prague , Bohemian priest and historian 1204 - Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester , English politician 1221 - Alix, Duchess of Brittany 1266 - Birger Jarl , Swedish politician 1314 - Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville 1422 - Charles VI of France 1500 - Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan 1505 - Paul Scriptoris , German mathematician and educator 1556 - Pietro Aretino , Italian author 1558 - Julius Caesar Scaliger , Italian physician and scholar 1600 - Ōtani Yoshitsugu , Japanese samurai 1623 - William Wade , English politician and diplomat, Lieutenant of the Tower of London 1662 - Henry Lawes , English pianist and composer 1687 - Edmund Waller , English poet and politician 1765 - Giovanni Paolo Panini , Italian painter and architect 1775 - Peyton Randolph , American lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Continental Congress 1777 - Samuel Foote , English actor and playwright 1805 - John Cooke , English captain 1805 - George Duff , Scottish captain 1805 - Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson , English admiral 1821 - Dorothea Ackermann , German actress 1835 - Muthuswami Dikshitar , Indian poet and composer 1861 - Edward Dickinson Baker , American congressman and colonel 1872 - Jacques Babinet , French physicist, mathematician, and astronomer 1873 - Johan Sebastian Welhaven , Norwegian author, poet, and critic 1896 - James Henry Greathead , South African-English engineer 1903 - Jinmaku Kyūgorō , Japanese sumo wrestler, the 12th Yokozuna 1904 - Isabelle Eberhardt , Swiss explorer and journalist 1907 - Jules Chevalier , French priest, founded the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 1931 - Arthur Schnitzler , Austrian author and playwright 1938 - Dorothy Hale , American actress 1940 - William G. Conley, American journalist, lawyer, and politician, 18th Governor of West Virginia 1941 - Alexander Greenlaw Hamilton , Australian biologist 1944 - Alois Kayser , German-French missionary 1952 - Hans Merensky , South African geologist and philanthropist 1963 - Józef Franczak , Polish sergeant 1965 - Bill Black , American bass player and bandleader 1969 - Jack Kerouac , American novelist and poet 1969 - Wacław Sierpiński , Polish mathematician and academic 1970 - Li Linsi , Chinese educator and diplomat 1971 - Minnie Evans , Potawatomi leader 1973 - Nasif Estéfano , Argentinian race car driver 1975 - Charles Reidpath , American runner and general 1977 - Ferit Tüzün , Turkish composer 1978 - Anastas Mikoyan , Armenian-Russian civil servant and politician 1980 - Hans Asperger , Austrian physician and psychologist 1982 - Radka Toneff , Norwegian singer-songwriter 1983 - Joseph P. Lordi, American government official 1984 - François Truffaut , French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter 1985 - Dan White , American assassin and politician 1986 - Lionel Murphy , Australian jurist and politician, 22nd Attorney-General of Australia 1989 - Jean Image , Hungarian-French director, producer, and screenwriter 1990 - Dany Chamoun , Lebanese engineer and politician 1990 - Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar , Indian philosopher and author 1991 - Lorenc Antoni , Albanian composer, conductor, and musicologist 1992 - Ante Ciliga , Croatian politician, writer and publisher 1992 - Jim Garrison , American lawyer and judge 1993 - Sam Zolotow , American journalist and critic 1995 - Maxene Andrews , American singer 1995 - Jesús Blasco , Spanish author and illustrator 1995 - Nancy Graves , American sculptor and painter 1995 - Shannon Hoon , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1996 - Georgios Zoitakis , Greek general and politician 1998 - Francis W. Sargent, American soldier and politician, 64th Governor of Massachusetts 1999 - Lars Bo , Danish author and illustrator 1999 - Ahmet Taner Kışlalı , Turkish political scientist, lawyer, and politician 2002 - Edward J. Mortola, American academic and president of Pace University 2003 - Louise Day Hicks , American politician 2003 - Luis A. Ferré, Puerto Rican engineer and politician, 3rd Governor of Puerto Rico 2003 - Elliott Smith , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 2006 - Sandy West , American singer-songwriter and drummer 2007 - Paul Fox , English singer-songwriter and guitarist 2010 - A. Ayyappan, Indian poet and translator 2011 - Hikmet Bilâ , Turkish journalist and author 2011 - Tone Pavček , Slovenian poet and author 2012 - Yash Chopra , Indian director, producer, and screenwriter 2012 - Antoni Dobrowolski , Polish educator 2012 - Jaroslav Kozlík , Czech volleyball player and educator 2012 - Alf Kumalo , South African photographer and journalist 2012 - George McGovern , American historian, lieutenant, and politician 2013 - Bud Adams , American businessman 2013 - Gianni Ferrio , Italian composer and conductor 2013 - Rune T. Kidde, Danish author, poet, and illustrator 2013 - Colonel Robert Morris , American singer-songwriter and drummer 2013 - Major Owens , American librarian and politician 2013 - Tony Summers , Welsh swimmer 2013 - Oscar Yanes , Venezuelan journalist and author 2014 - Ben Bradlee , American journalist and author 2014 - Nelson Bunker Hunt , American businessman 2014 - Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani , Iranian cleric and politician, Prime Minister of Iran 2014 - Edith Kawelohea McKinzie , Hawaiian genealogist, author, and hula expert 2014 - Gough Whitlam , Australian lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Australia 2015 - France Bučar , Slovenian lawyer and politician 2015 - Marty Ingels , American actor 2015 - Norman W. Moore, English conservationist and author 2015 - Sheldon Wolin , American philosopher, theorist, and academicHolidays and observances Apple Day Armed Forces Day Christian feast day: *Asterius of Ostia *Berthold of Parma *Blessed Charles of Austria *Fintán of Taghmon *Hilarion *John of Bridlington *Laura of Saint Catherine of Siena *Leticia *Malchus of Syria *Peter Yu Tae-chol *Severinus of Bordeaux * Tuda of Lindisfarne *Ursula *Viator of Lyons *October 21 Egyptian Naval Day Indian Police Commemoration Day National Nurses' Day Ndadaye Day Overseas Chinese Day Trafalgar Day Birth of the Báb
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