Oxford Clay

The Oxford Clay is a Jurassic marine sedimentary rock formation underlying much of southeast England, from as far west as Dorset and as far north as Yorkshire. The Oxford Clay Formation dates to the Jurassic, specifically, the Callovian and Oxfordian ages, and comprises two main facies. The lower facies comprises the Peterborough Member, a fossiliferous organic-rich mudstone. This facies and its rocks are commonly known as lower Oxford Clay. The upper facies comprises the middle Oxford Clay, the Stewartby Member, and the upper Oxford Clay, the Weymouth Member. The upper facies is a fossil poor assemblage of calcareous mudstones.
Oxford Clay appears at the surface around Oxford, Peterborough and Weymouth and is exposed in many quarries around these areas. The top of the Lower Oxford Clay shows a lithological change, where fissile shale changes to grey mudstone. The Middle and Upper Oxford Clays differ slightly, as they are separated by an argillaceous limestone in the South Midlands.
Equivalent Callovo-Oxfordian Clay units like the Marnes de Dives also occur in the Paris Basin and it is a potential host to dispose of high-level radioactive waste in France.

Palaeontology

The Oxford Clay is well known for its rich fossil record of fish and invertebrates. Many of the fossils are well preserved, occasionally some are found exceptionally well preserved. Animals which lived in the Oxford Clay Sea include plesiosaurs, marine crocodiles, ichthyosaurs, cephalopods, bivalves, and a variety of gastropods. Dinosaur eggs are stratigraphically present in the Lower Oxford Clay. Geographically, they are located in Cambridgeshire, England.

Ornithischians

Indeterminate euronithopod remains stratigraphically present in the Lower Oxford Clay and geographically located in Cambridgeshire, England.

Saurischians

Plesiosaurs

Genus	Species	Location	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Cryptocleidus	C. eurymerus				A cryptoclidid
Cryptocleidus	C. richardsoni				A cryptoclidid
Liopleurodon	L. ferox				A thalassophonean pliosaurid
Liopleurodon	L. pachydeirus				A thalassophonean pliosaurid
Marmornectes	M. candrewi				A pliosaurid
Muraenosaurus	M. leedsi				A cryptoclidid
Pachycostasaurus	P. dawnii				A pliosaurid
Peloneustes	P. philarchus				A thalassophonean pliosaurid
Picrocleidus	P. beloclis				A cryptoclidid
"Pliosaurus"	"P." andrewsi				A thalassophonean pliosaurid; represents a new genus distinct from Pliosaurus
Simolestes	S. vorax				A thalassophonean pliosaurid
Tricleidus	T. seeleyi				A cryptoclidid
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Pachycormiformes

Thalattosuchians

Genus	Species	Location	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Gracilineustes	G. leedsi				A metriorhynchine metriorhynchid
Lemmysuchus	L. obtusidens				A teleosaurid belonging to Machimosaurini
Metriorhynchus	M. superciliosus				A metriorhynchine metriorhynchid
Steneosaurus	S. durobrivensis				A teleosaurid
Steneosaurus	S. edwardsi				A teleosaurid
Steneosaurus	S. leedsi				A teleosaurid
Suchodus	S. brachyrhynchus				A geosaurine metriorhynchid
Suchodus	S. durobrivensis				A geosaurine metriorhynchid
Tyrannoneustes	T. lythrodectikos				A geosaurine metriorhynchid
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Economic use

Oxford Clay has a porous consistency and is soft and is often used in the making of roads. It is also the source of the Fletton stock brick of which much of London is built. For brick making, the Oxford Clay has the advantage of containing carbon which provides part of the fuel required in firing it so reducing the requirement for an external fuel source.

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