Package handles, or carriers, are used to help people use packaging. They are designed to simplify and to improve the ergonomics of lifting and carrying packages. Handles on consumer packages add convenience and help facilitate use and pouring. The effect of handles on package material costs and the packaging line efficiencies are also critical. A handle can be defined as “an accessory attached to a container or part for the purpose of holding or carrying.” Sometimes a handle can be used to hang a package for dispensing or use. Handles can be built into a package, sometimes in the form of hand holes or hand holds. They can also be attached to a finished complete package after filling and closing, or even at the point of purchase. The performance and design criteria for handles are often detailed in a contract or specification. For example handles for some US government containers are specified in Mil-Std-648.
History
People have long seen a need to have package forms which are easy for people to carry and to use. Some of these, such as amphora, date from the Neolithic period.
Boxes
es often have metal handles nailed or otherwise attached to the ends to facilitate handling. Steel boxes also frequently have attached handles or hinged bails. Corrugated boxes can have hand holes die-cut into the ends to assistmaterial handling tasks. Several designs are in use. Care must also be taken for the hand holes not to weaken the strength of the box. Depending on the contents and the degree of handling required, reinforcement is sometimes needed to prevent tearing. Reinforcing tapes, whether pressure -sensitive or heat-activated, can be applied to boxes in the vicinity of hand holes. Separate plastic or composite fitments are also available for corrugated boxes.
Plastic bottles
Many plastic containers have built in handles. Plastic shipping containers and storage tubs often have handles molded into them. Consumer blow molded containers often have integral handles or are shaped to facilitate grasping. Ssparate handles are sometimes added to a bottle, usually around the neck at the closure. Several methods have been developed.
Bags
Many types of bags have handles to assist in carrying them.
Shrink wrapped Multi-packs often have open ends which can be used as handles. Methods are available to reinforce the film, if needed. Handles are often used on beverage carriers.
Tape handle
is often used as a handle: filament tape or strong film backed tapes. A loop can be applied over a package with paper or film used to cover the adhesive in the center portion. Another example with a shrink film package is for a tape to be applied to a film with slits cut in the film on either side of the tape. When the film shrinks, the tape does not and a handle is formed. PSA tape handles can be built into the package structure or can also be added after package completion. Specialized application machinery is sometimes available.
Bail handle
A bail handle consists of an open loop with ends attached to the item or package, sometimes to fixed mounts or ears. Several designs are available: bails are typically made of metal or plastic. It is a type of package handle which may be used for carrying or hanging items such as cans, pails, or jars.
Testing
Several package testing options are available to packaging engineers to help determine the suitability of package handles. People can be used directly in an evaluation. Several different people can carry handle and package options for subjective ratings. These can be compiled in a report. More objective laboratory procedures are also used. Fixtured ‘’hands’’ of various designs are used to hold a handle. ASTM International D6804, Standard Guide for Hand Hole Design in Corrugated Boxes, describes “jerk testing’’ by modified drop test procedures or use of the constant pull rates of a Universal testing machine. ASTM F852, Specification for Portable Gasoline, Kerosene, and Diesel Containers for Consumer Use, requires severe "jerk testing" of the handle. These test procedures are also used on other types of packages. Other test procedures are conducted with a static force by hanging a heavily loaded package for an extended time or even using a centrifuge.
