The Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean , which was founded in 1999, is a consortium of major oceanographic institutions around the world, represented by their Directors. POGO's goal is to promote global operational oceanography, the implementation of a Global Ocean Observing System, and the importance of ocean observations for society. In 2011, POGO had 40 Members. The current Chairman is Prof. Nick Owens. It is supported from annual dues subscribed by the Members, as well as by grants from charitable foundations. The funds to explore the value of, and then establish, POGO were provided by the Alfred P. Sloan and Richard Lounsbery foundations. POGO provides a forum. It engages in outreach activities to the general public, for example by having exhibits at international events such as World Expo, UNFCCC COP Meetings and AGU-ASLO-TOS Ocean Sciences Meetings Expo 2012 Yeosu Korea.
History
In March 1999, the Directors of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the Southampton Oceanography Centre in the UK, convened a planning meeting in the headquarters of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Education, Science and Culture Organisation in Paris. This meeting confirmed the value of creating a new partnership and defined the initial mission statement and terms of reference. Scripps Institution of Oceanography hosted the first formal meeting in early December 1999, which included senior officials from 17 institutions in 12 countries of the International Council for Science, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites and several international scientific programs. At this meeting, there was agreement on an initial work plan, including development of an advocacy plan for observing systems; participation in processes to secure governmental commitments to fund ocean observing systems; a data interchange demonstration pilot project; and establishment of a clearinghouse for information exchange among POGO members, as well as the broader community.
POGO Capacity Building
The Nippon Foundation - POGO Centre of Excellence in Observational Oceanography, under which ten scientists from developing countries, annually, are supported to study for ten months in an intensive programme related to ocean observations. By 2012, 40 young scientists have been trained.
The POGO-SCOR Visiting Fellowship Programme, for scientists from developing countries to spend up to three months in a major oceanographic institution. POGO awards about a dozen of these each year. By 2011, 125 young scientists in all. The programme is carried out in conjunction with POGO's sister organisation SCOR.
The POGO-AMT Fellowship Programme, under which one scientist annually participate sin a major oceanographic cruise, and spend time at a participating major oceanographic institute before and after the cruise to experience cruise preparation and data analysis..
Under POGO capacity-building schemes, some 1000 young scientists from 63 countries have received advanced training. Former scholars or alumni of NF-POGO training become members of the rapidly developing NF-POGO Alumni Network for Oceans.
Activities
In its São Paulo Declaration of 2001, POGO drew attention to the world imbalance between Northern and Southern Hemispheres in the capacity to observe the oceans, resulting in its establishment of a capacity-building programme. It also underlined the relative paucity of ocean observations in the Southern Hemisphere compared with the Northern Hemisphere, and POGO member JAMSTEC, organised a circumnavigation of the Southern Hemisphere, the BEAGLE Expedition, using its ship RV Mirai, at a cost estimated to be around $35M. More recently, selected Antarctic Expeditions of the Alfred Wegener Institute have been labelled POGO Expeditions. POGO also supports the Southern Ocean Observing System. Around the time POGO was being started, the Argo programme was also beginning. The GEO Secretariat was established during the early years of POGO. Oceans did not appear among the nine societal-benefit areas around which GEO was structured at that time. POGO advocated for a greater prominence of ocean observing activities within GEO, which led the creation of a new Ocean Task in the 2012-2015 GEO Work Plan. This was expanded and further developed into what is now known as the Initiative. POGO contributed to OceanObs'09 in Venice in 2009, which led to the opening up of sustained ocean observations to a broader community, including chemical, biological and biogeochemical observations, and also participated in the post-Venice Framework for Ocean Observing Committee. More recently, POGO was involved in the OceanObs'19 conference in Honolulu, USA. POGO member institutions have been driving the establishment of OceanSites, which has made significant progress in recent years. The idea for an "International Quiet Ocean Experiment" first came up during one of the POGO Annual Meetings. With seed funding from the Sloan Foundation, the idea was further developed in partnership with SCOR. An Open Science Meeting was convened under the auspices of SCOR and POGO at IOC-UNESCO, Paris, in August–September 2011, to develop a Science Plan for the project, which could last up to ten years.
