In 1995 he was selected by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 31st round of the amateur draft and began his professional career with the Great Falls Dodgers in the Pioneer League. His progress through the minor leagues was slow and marred by injuries. After four years in the Rookie and Class A leagues, he suffered a shoulder injury in which prevented him from playing all season. He returned in, pitching at the AA level, with one inning for the AAA Albuquerque Dukes. In, he struggled in AAA after pitching well in AA. After six years of service in the minor leagues without promotion to the Majors, he became a free agent.
Feliciano signed with the Cincinnati Reds for the season, but was traded to the New York Mets in August along with Brady Clark for Shawn Estes. On September 4, 2002, Feliciano made his Major League debut pitching two scoreless innings of relief against the Florida Marlins. In the three years following, he had mixed success with the Mets, being recalled from and optioned to the AAA Norfolk Tides several times in and.
Feliciano spent the season with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of the Japanese Pacific League.
Second stint with the New York Mets (2006–2010)
Feliciano returned to the Mets as a left-handed specialist for the and seasons. In 2008 and 2009, he operated in the bullpen as the Mets' primary situational left-hander. In 2007, he recorded his first career big-league save against the Philadelphia Phillies. In 2008, he led the majors in games pitched, with 86. In 58 of those games, the greatest number in the majors, he recorded fewer than three outs. He also led the majors in days pitched on zero days rest, with 36. Due to his large number of appearances, he has been nicknamed "Perpetual Pedro" by Mets broadcaster Gary Cohen. In 2010, he passed Hall of FamerTom Seaver in games pitched for the Mets with 459 and is now second all-time to John Franco. Pedro led the majors in appearances in 2008, 2009, and 2010. He has had the most appearances from 2007 to 2010. His 344 relief appearances over those four years, is a Major League Baseball record.
In January 2011, Feliciano signed a two-year deal worth approximately $8 million with the New York Yankees. Early in the 2011 season, Feliciano began to experience soreness in his left shoulder and was placed on the disabled list. On April 25, orthopedist James Andrews recommended a six-week strengthening program for Feliciano. The Yankees front office revealed that the reason behind Feliciano's injury was that the Mets had overused him within the recent years. It was eventually revealed that Feliciano had a torn anterior capsule and rotator cuff in his left shoulder, which required surgery, and ended his 2011 season. Feliciano began the 2012 season on the 60-day disabled list in an effort to continue recovering from his shoulder surgery from the previous year. Late in the 2012 season between August and September, Feliciano was issued to rehab at the Double-A Trenton Thunder. Still, Feliciano failed to make an appearance with the Yankees for the entire 2012 year. His contract expired after the 2012 season, only to have made no Major League appearances with the Yankees or even throw a single pitch.