Phansidewa
Phansidewa is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Siliguri subdivision of the Darjeeling district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Phansidewa is located at. It has an average elevation of 98 metres.Phansidewa CD block is a part of the Western Dooars, a physiographic region spread over the foothills of the Himalayas. It is a plain land gently sloping from north to south, with an elevation varying from 80 m to 300 m. The Mahananda forms the eastern boundary of Phansidewa CD block with Bangladesh and a portion of the block is part of the Mahananda Tract physiographic region.
Phansidewa CD block is bounded by the Naxalbari and Matigara CD blocks on the north, Rajganj CD block in Jalpaiguri district and Panchagarh Sadar Upazila in Panchagarh district of Bangladesh on the east, Chopra CD block in Uttar Dinajpur district and Puthia CD block in Kishanganj district of Bihar on the south and Kharibari CD block on the west.
The Phansidewa CD block has an area of 312.15 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 7 gram panchayats, 139 gram sansads, 113 mouzas and 103 inhabited villages. Phansidewa police station serves this blockHeadquarters of this CD block is at Phansidewa.As per map of Phansidewa CD block in the District Census Handbook, Phansidewa is shown in Bandar Gachh mouza.
Gram panchayats in Phansidewa CD block are: Bidhannagar I, Bidhannagar II, Chathat-Bansgaon, Ghoshpukur, Hetmuri, Jalas-Nijamtara and Phansidewa.
Demographics
Population
According to the 2011 Census of India, the Phansidewa CD block had a total population of 204,522, all of which were rural. There were 103,79 males and 100,803 females. There were 28,345 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The Scheduled Castes numbered 60,704 and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 62,595.Large villages in the Phansidewa CD block are : Pathar Hirhirar Chhat, Liusipukuri, Uttar Bansgaon Kismat, Madhya Bansgaon, Paschim Madati, Mandila Jhar, Bara Paikpara Arazi, Lahugaon, Budharugaon, Purba Madati and Bansgaon.
Other villages in the Phansidewa CD block include : Hetmuri and Bandar Gachh.
Literacy
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Phansidewa CD block was 113,572 out of which males numbered 64,890 and females numbered 48,682. The gender disparity was 16.57%.See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
Language and religion
According to the District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, 2011 census, as of 2001, 46.0% of the population of the Darjeeling district had Nepali/ Gorkhali as their mother-tongue followed by Bengali with 24.0%, Hindi with 10.4%, Sadan/ Sadri, Kurukh/ Oraon, Bhojpuri, Santali, Urdu, Lepcha, Rajbanshi, Munda, Tibetan, Bhotia, Marwari, Maithili and others. The proportion of those who have Nepali/ Gorkhali as their mother-tongue has declined from 59.1% in 1961 to 46.1% in 2001, while that of Bengali has risen from 18.4% in 1961 to 24.0% in 2001 and that of Hindi has risen from 7.7% in 1961 to 10.4% in 2001.In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 122,064 and formed 59.68% of the population in the Phansidewa CD block. Muslims numbered 48,202 and formed 23.57% of the population. Christians numbered 33,096 and formed 16.18% of the population. Buddhists numbered 471 and formed 0.23% of the population. Others numbered 689 and formed 0.34% of the population.
Rural Poverty
According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 24.40% of the total number of families were BPL families in the Darjeeling district.According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 4-9% of the population in Darjeeling, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts were below poverty level, the lowest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.Economy
Livelihood
In the Phansidewa CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8.792 and formed 11.48%, agricultural labourers numbered 12.865 and formed 16.80%, household industry workers numbered 1,571 formed 2.05% and other workers numbered 53,333 and formed 69.66%.Total workers numbered 76,561 and formed 37.43% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 127,961 and formed 62.57% of the population.Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.
Infrastructure
There are 103 inhabited villages in the Phansidewa CD block, as per the District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 26 villages have post offices. 97 villages have telephones. 83 villages have pucca approach roads and 39 villages have transport communication. 3 villages have agricultural credit societies and 15 villages have banks.Agriculture
In 2012-13, there were 12 fertiliser depots, 12 seed stores and 31 fair price shops in Phansidewa CD block.In 2013–14, Phansidewa CD block produced 9,949 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 1.257 hectares, 2,212 tonnes of Aus paddy from 1,759 hectares, 2,340 tonnes of Boro paddy from 1,017 hectares, 771 tonnes of wheat from 871 hectares, 214 tonnes of maize from 93 hectares, 17,722 tonnes of jute from 1,218 hectares, 24,197 tonnes of potatoes from 801 hectares and 523 tonnes of sugar cane from 5 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.
Tea gardens
“received the iconic status due to its significant aroma, taste and colour… the first Indian product to be marked with the Geographical Indication tag in 2003… As per the definition, “Darjeeling Tea” can only refer to tea that has been cultivated, grown, produced, manufactured and processed in tea gardens in few specific hilly areas of the district.” Apart from the hill areas, tea is also grown in the plain areas of the terai and dooars, but such gardens are not covered under the GI tag.As of 2009-10, there were 87 tea gardens covered under the GI tag, employing 51,091 persons. Total land under cultivation was 17,828.38 hectares and total production was 7.36 million kg. A much larger population is indirectly dependent on the tea industry in the district. The average annual production including those from the plain areas, exceeds 10 million kg.
As of 2013, Darjeeling subdivision had 46 tea estates, Kalimpong subdivision had 29 tea estates and Kurseong subdivision had 6 tea gardens. This added up to 81 tea estates in the hill areas. Bannackburn Tea Estate and Lingia Tea Estate in Darjeeling were the first to come up in 1835. Siliguri subdivision in the terai region had 45 tea estates.
Banking
In 2012-13, Phansidewa CD block had offices of 5 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks.Transport
Phansidewa CD block has 2 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 5 km from the block headquarters.State Highway 12 passes through Phansidewa CD block.
Education
In 2012-13, Phansidewa CD block had 153 primary schools with 17,884 students, 5 middle schools with 2,350 students, 6 high schools with 2,354 students and 12 higher secondary schools with 20,987 students. Phansidewa CD block had 593 institutions for special and non-formal education with 31,356 studentsSee also – Education in India
According to the 2011 census, in Phansidewa CD block, among the 103 inhabited villages, 15 villages did not have a school, 42 villages had two or more primary schools, 27 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.
Healthcare
In 2013, Phansidewa CD block had 1 rural hospital, 1 primary health centre and 2 private nursing homes with total 40 beds and 14 doctors. It had 22 family welfare subcentres. 3,264 patients were treated indoor and 96,850 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.Phansidewa Rural Hospital at Phansidewa, with 30 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Phansidewa CD block. There is a primary health centre at Bidhannagar.