Philippine presidential election
This is a complete list of Philippine Presidential elections since 1935 with the candidates' political party and its corresponding percentage.
This list also includes the election results of the Vice Presidential elections since 1935.
The offices of the president and vice president are elected separately; hence a voter may split one's vote. The candidate with the highest number of votes wins the position.
History
During the Philippine Revolution, several leadership elections for the Katipunan were later on described as precursors of presidential elections. One example of this is the Tejeros Convention of 1897, where Emilio Aguinaldo successfully removed erstwhile Katipunan leader Andres Bonifacio. From that point on, it was Aguinaldo who would lead the revolution, declare independence from Spain, and convened the Malolos Congress. The Malolos Congress elected Aguinaldo as president on January 1, 1899, passed a constitution on January 22, and Aguinaldo and the First Republic was inaugurated on January 23, 1899. The First Republic existed until Aguinaldo's capture by the Americans on March 23, 1901.The first presidential election by popular vote was on September 15, 1935, after the ratification of the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines; Manuel Quezon of the Nacionalista Party emerged as the victor, defeating previous president Emilio Aguinaldo. As a commonwealth then of the United States, the constitution decreed that the president shall have one term of six years without reelection. In 1940, it was amended to allow one reelection, but with the term shortened to four years; this setup was first used in the second election in 1941 with Quezon being reelected.
However, World War II intervened and thus suspended the elections of 1945. The Empire of Japan set up the Second Philippine Republic that elected José P. Laurel as president by the National Assembly in 1943. After the Japanese were defeated, Congress rescheduled the much-delayed election in 1946. Manuel Roxas of the newly formed Liberal Party won the election a few weeks prior to the granting of independence by the United States. In 1949, the first election for the newly independent republic was held with President Elpidio Quirino winning; Quirino succeeded Roxas, who died while in office. Thereafter, elections were held every four years every second Tuesday of November of the election year, with the winning president and vice president inaugurated on December 30 succeeding the election. The alternation between the Nacionalistas and the Liberals characterized an apparent two-party system of the Third Republic.
In 1971, President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law and ruled by decree. At this time, a new constitution was ratified in 1973 in which the office of the vice president being abolished. and that the president shall be elected by the National Assembly amongst themselves, although once elected, the president will cease to be a member of the National Assembly and any political party. With the members of the National Assembly having no term limits, the president may serve indefinitely.
In 1981, via constitutional amendment, the president is again elected via popular vote, with a term of office of six years starting at the thirtieth of June of the year of the election. In the succeeding election on June 16, 1981 ; Marcos was again elected, with much of the opposition boycotting the election. In addition, the amendment also renamed the National Assembly into its Filipino translation as "Batasang Pambansa." In 1984, another amendment reinstated the office of the vice president. The election of the vice president is similar to the United States presidential election, in which a vote for the president is also a vote for the vice president, although this was later changed to a separate vote for each position. Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan won every presidential election of the Fourth Republic until 1986.
In 1986, Marcos called for an early or "snap" election and was, including his running mate Arturo Tolentino, declared the winners. The People Power Revolution erupted that drove Marcos out of power, and Corazon Aquino, the runner-up, assumed the presidency. A new constitution was ratified in 1987 that was essentially identical with the provisions of the amended 1973 constitution as long as the election of the president and vice president is concerned, with the presidential election occurring at the second Monday of May and the inauguration every June 30 of the election year. The 1992 election was the first election under the new constitution and elections are held every six years thereafter. Fidel V. Ramos won the 1992 election with just 23% of the vote, the lowest plurality in history; it also ushered in the multi-party system of the Fifth Republic. Thereafter, no winner has won via a majority, although each has had an increasing percentage of votes with every succeeding election. Joseph Estrada won in 1998 in what was described as landslide, getting just under 40% of the votes, while second place Jose de Venecia getting 16%. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who succeeded Estrada at the outcome of the 2001 EDSA Revolution, was the first sitting president to run since 2006 and defeated Fernando Poe, Jr. in the closest margin in history. Benigno Aquino III won with 42% of the vote in what was also called as a landslide, defeating Estrada who had 26% of the vote, and seven others. The ruling party since 1986 has not won the presidential election.
Summary
Regional trends
Regional corridors
Political strategists have divided the country into several "corridors" that replicate or combine administrative regions, which in turn are mostly based from the main ethnic groups. In 1992, prior to the 1992 election, Luis Villafuerte outlined several "corridors" throughout the country, from north to south:Metro Manila as an opposition stronghold
, and by extension, Metro Manila, has voted for the opposition candidate in the election.Bellwether provinces
Since the creation of the province of Basilan, the province has always had the provincial winner be elected President. The national winner has always been the winner in Negros Oriental except in 1961 and 2016.Home province as a stronghold
Candidates usually win their home provinces. and by extension, region, except when the province has two or more candidates as residents.President
Bolded name indicates the national winner.| Election | Candidate | Home province of the candidate | Winner at the home province | Candidate won at home province? |
| 1935 | Manuel L. Quezon | Tayabas | Manuel L. Quezon | |
| 1935 | Emilio Aguinaldo | Cavite | Emilio Aguinaldo | |
| 1935 | Gregorio Aglipay | Ilocos Norte | Gregorio Aglipay | |
| 1941 | Manuel L. Quezon | Tayabas | Manuel L. Quezon | |
| 1941 | Juan Sumulong | Rizal | Manuel L. Quezon | |
| 1946 | Manuel Roxas | Capiz | Manuel Roxas | |
| 1946 | Sergio Osmeña | Cebu | Sergio Osmeña | |
| 1949 | Elpidio Quirino | Ilocos Sur | Elpidio Quirino | |
| 1949 | Jose Paciano Laurel | Batangas | Jose Paciano Laurel | |
| 1949 | Jose Avelino | Samar | Jose Avelino | |
| 1953 | Ramon Magsaysay | Zambales | Ramon Magsaysay | |
| 1953 | Elpidio Quirino | Ilocos Sur | Elpidio Quirino | |
| 1957 | Carlos P. Garcia | Bohol | Carlos P. Garcia | |
| 1957 | Jose Yulo | Negros Occidental | Carlos P. Garcia | |
| 1957 | Manuel Manahan | La Union | Jose Yulo | |
| 1957 | Claro M. Recto | Quezon | Claro M. Recto | |
| 1961 | Diosdado Macapagal | Pampanga | Diosdado Macapagal | |
| 1961 | Carlos P. Garcia | Bohol | Carlos P. Garcia | |
| 1965 | Ferdinand Marcos | Ilocos Norte | Ferdinand Marcos | |
| 1965 | Diosdado Macapagal | Pampanga | Diosdado Macapagal | |
| 1969 | Ferdinand Marcos | Ilocos Norte | Ferdinand Marcos | |
| 1969 | Sergio Osmeña, Jr. | Cebu | Ferdinand Marcos | |
| 1981 | Ferdinand Marcos | Ilocos Norte | Ferdinand Marcos | |
| 1981 | Alejo Santos | Bulacan | Ferdinand Marcos | |
| 1986 | Corazon Aquino | Tarlac | Corazon Aquino | |
| 1986 | Ferdinand Marcos | Ilocos Norte | Ferdinand Marcos | |
| 1992 | Fidel V. Ramos | Pangasinan | Fidel V. Ramos | |
| 1992 | Miriam Defensor-Santiago | Iloilo | Miriam Defensor-Santiago | |
| 1992 | Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr. | Tarlac | Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr. | |
| 1992 | Ramon Mitra, Jr. | Palawan | Ramon Mitra, Jr. | |
| 1992 | Imelda Marcos | Leyte | Imelda Marcos | |
| 1992 | Jovito Salonga | Rizal | Miriam Defensor-Santiago | |
| 1992 | Salvador Laurel | Batangas | Salvador Laurel | |
| 1998 | Joseph Estrada | San Juan | Joseph Estrada | |
| 1998 | Jose de Venecia, Jr. | Pangasinan | Jose de Venecia, Jr. | |
| 1998 | Raul Roco | Camarines Sur | Raul Roco | |
| 1998 | Emilio Osmeña | Cebu | Emilio Osmeña | |
| 1998 | Alfredo Lim | Manila | Joseph Estrada | |
| 1998 | Renato de Villa | Batangas | Renato de Villa | |
| 1998 | Miriam Defensor-Santiago | Iloilo | Miriam Defensor-Santiago | |
| 1998 | Juan Ponce Enrile | Cagayan | Juan Ponce Enrile | |
| 2004 | Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo | Pampanga | Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo | |
| 2004 | Fernando Poe, Jr. | Manila | Fernando Poe, Jr. | |
| 2004 | Panfilo Lacson | Cavite | Panfilo Lacson | |
| 2004 | Raul Roco | Camarines Sur | Raul Roco | |
| 2004 | Eddie Villanueva | Bulacan | Fernando Poe, Jr. | |
| 2010 | Benigno Aquino III | Tarlac | Benigno Aquino III | |
| 2010 | Joseph Estrada | San Juan | Benigno Aquino III | |
| 2010 | Manny Villar | Las Piñas City | Manny Villar | |
| 2010 | Gilberto Teodoro | Tarlac | Benigno Aquino III | |
| 2010 | Eddie Villanueva | Bulacan | Benigno Aquino III | |
| 2016 | Jejomar Binay | Makati | Jejomar Binay | |
| 2016 | Miriam Defensor-Santiago | Iloilo | Mar Roxas | |
| 2016 | Rodrigo Duterte | Davao City | Rodrigo Duterte | |
| 2016 | Grace Poe | San Juan City | Rodrigo Duterte | |
| 2016 | Mar Roxas | Capiz | Mar Roxas |
Vice-President
Results summary
- only candidates from third parties whose votes surpassed the margin between the winner and the best loser are included.
Graphical