Pointe-à-Pitre
Pointe-à-Pitre is the largest city of Guadeloupe, an overseas région and département of France located in the Lesser Antilles, of which it is a sous-préfecture, being the seat of the Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre.
Although Pointe-à-Pitre is not Guadeloupe's administrative capital, it is nonetheless the region's largest city and economic capital. In 1999, it had a population of 171,773 inhabitants in its urban area, of whom 17,541 lived in the city of Pointe-à-Pitre proper. The inhabitants are called "Pointois". In 2014, its metropolitan population was estimated at 314,647 people.
Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport, Guadeloupe's main international airport, is located north of downtown Pointe-à-Pitre in the commune of Les Abymes.
Jacques Bangou is the current mayor of Pointe-à-Pitre.
Geography
Pointe-à-Pitre is situated on the southwest portion of the island of Grande-Terre, facing the Caribbean Sea; it lies in the centre of Guadeloupe, and is near the Rivière Salée, which separates Grande-Terre from Basse-Terre Island. The town of Pointe-à-Pitre is surrounded by the communes of Les Abymes, Baie-Mahault and Le Gosier. Pointe-à-Pitre is on a limestone plateau, which was a factor for the construction of the city. The bay, Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin, offers a sheltered port.Namehttp://www.ville-pointeapitre.fr/culture-et-histoire/?ARB_N_ID=362&MOD_N_ID=1&ART_N_ID=1072 L’origine toponyme de Pointe-à-Pitre in Guide de Pointe-à-Pitre (édition 2006-2007).
The name Pointe-à-Pitre, literally the "headland of Pitre", is often said to derive from a Dutch Jewish sailor/fisherman called "Pieter", who settled in the 17th century on a promontory facing the Îlet à Cochon, just to the south of today's downtown Pointe-à-Pitre. The promontory came to be called "Pointe-à-Pieter" and later "Pointe-à-Pitre".History
French colonial authorities had long thought about establishing a city on the current location of Pointe-à-Pitre, at the junction of Guadeloupe's two main 'island' districts, but several attempts around 1713-1730 failed due to the insalubrious swampy ground.During the British occupation of Guadeloupe a settlement appeared on a hill overlooking the swamps. After the return of Guadeloupe to France in 1763, the city of Pointe-à-Pitre was officially founded under governor Gabriel de Clieu in 1764 by royal edict, and the swamps where downtown Pointe-à-Pitre stands today were drained in the following years, thus allowing the urban development of the city.
The development of the city was relatively rapid, partly thanks to the corsairs. In 1780, however, a great fire entirely destroyed the city. Sixty-three years later, in 1843, it was again destroyed by an earthquake. The history of Pointe-à-Pitre is marked by many disasters: the fires of 1850, 1871 and 1931, the earthquakes of 1851 and 1897 and the hurricanes of 1865 and 1928. The city also experienced several epidemics of cholera. Its location and large sheltered port have nonetheless allowed Pointe-à-Pitre to become Guadeloupe's largest city and economic capital.
Religion
The former cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, Ancienne cathédrale Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul, testifies that Pointe-à-Pitre has been the episcopal seat of a Roman Catholic Diocese of Pointe-à-Pitre on Grande-Terre. This was united with the present diocese for all Guadeloupe, at Basse-Terre, in 1951, since when its full title has been Roman Catholic Diocese of Basse-Terre-Pointe-à-Pitre.Climate
On the Köppen climate classification, Pointe-à-Pitre is on the border between tropical monsoon climate and tropical rainforest climate. Like any other Eastern Caribbean city, it experiences rainfall quite evenly spread during the year, with a wetter season between July and November which coincides with the hurricane season. The city receives 1500–2000 mm of rainfall annually. Tropical heat is the norm, bringing steady highs of around 32 °C that drop to 20 °C at night.The trade winds blow from the northeast and often temper the climate.
Urban area and demographics
The tiny commune of Pointe-à-Pitre is the center of a larger urban area covering several communes. This urban area – with 171,773 inhabitants at the 1999 census, representing 40% of the population – is the largest in Guadeloupe and one of the largest among French Overseas territories and departments.Communes
The seven communes making up the urban area of Pointe-à-Pitre, with their 1999 populations, are:- Les Abymes: 63,054
- Le Gosier: 25,360
- Baie-Mahault: 23,389
- Pointe-à-Pitre: 20,948
- Petit-Bourg: 20,528
- Lamentin: 13,434
- Goyave: 5,060
Economy
Seventy percent of residents of Pointe-à-Pitre resided in subsidized public housing in 2009.
People
- Maryse Condé - writer
- Saint-John Perse
- Francky Vincent
- Rodrigue Beaubois - NBA Dallas Mavericks player
- Roch-Ambroise Auguste Bébian
- Jean-Marc Mormeck, boxer
- Auguste Plée
- Firmine Richard
- Jacques Schwarz-Bart
- Louis-Gaston de Sonis - French Army officer
- Lilian Thuram - former Juventus and FC Barcelona association football player. Won 142 caps for France and the 1998 FIFA World Cup.
- Stéphane Zubar - AFC Bournemouth player
- Laura Flessel-Colovic - 5-time Olympic medalist in épée fencing
- Patricia Girard - 1996 Olympic Games silver medallist in 100m hurdles
- Thierry Henry
Education
- Ecole maternelle Raymonde Bambuck
- Ecole maternelle Bébian
- Ecole maternelle Salvator Cidemé
- Ecole maternelle Dubouchage
- Ecole maternelle Bonchamps Fernande
- Ecole maternelle Rallion Frantz
- Ecole maternelle Raphael Jolivière 2
- Ecole maternelle Lauricisque
- Ecole primaire Raymonde Bambuck
- Ecole primaire Salvator Cidemé
- Ecole primaire Raphael Cipolin
- Ecole primaire Léon Feix
- Ecole primaire Amédée Fengarol 1
- Ecole primaire Amédée Fengarol 2
- Ecole primaire Bonchamps Fernande
- Ecole primaire Lauricisque
- Ecole élémentaire Raphael Jolivière 1
- Collège Jules Michelet
- Collège Sadi Carnot
- Collège Nestor De Kermadec
- Collège Front de mer
Private preschools and primary schools in Pointe-à-Pitre commune include:
- Ecole maternelle privée Notre-Dame du Sacré-Coeur
- Ecole primaire privée Saint Joseph de Clun
- LP Boc Calmet
- Collège/LGT Massabielle
Monuments
- Place de la Victoire
- La rue Frébault, marché aux Épices
- The musée Saint-John-Perse
- The musée Schœlcher
- The Pavillon L'Herminier
- The Mémorial ACTe
- The église Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul
- The church of Massabielle.
- Various elements of the civil and religious heritage of the municipality were built by the architect between 1930 and 1935 in a major works initiative by various institutions after the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane. He realized the palais de justice de Pointe-à-Pitre, the hospice hospital on the island, the fish hall, several schools, and the fire station.
- The statues of La Mulâtresse Solitude, Colonel Louis Delgrès, Colonel Joseph Ignace, percussionist and the painting of