Political parties in Russia
This article discusses political parties in Russia.
The Russian Federation has a multi-party system. six parties have members in the federal parliament, the State Duma, with one dominant party.
After the Perestroika reforms in the 1980s Russia had over 100 registered parties, but the people elected to the State Duma represented only a small number of parties. After 2000, during Vladimir Putin's first presidency, the number of parties quickly decreased. From 2008 to 2012 there were only seven parties in Russia, and every new attempt to register new, independent parties was blocked. The last-registered party of this period was the government-organized Right Cause. Before the 2011 parliamentary elections, about 10 opposition parties were denied registration. However, after a series of mass protests and a 2011 European Court decision on the case of the Republican Party of Russia, the law changed and the number of registered parties quickly increased to more than 48.
History
Party of power
In Russian politics, a "party of power" is a specially established party which unconditionally supports the current president or prime minister in the parliament.These parties have been considered parties of power:
- Interregional Group of Deputies/Democratic Russia
- Choice of Russia and Party of Russian Unity and Accord headed by Sergey Shakhray
- Our Home – Russia
- Ivan Rybkin Bloc
- Unity
- A Just Russia
- United Russia
Legislation
Social composition of voters
According to studies, United Russia voters in 2007 were younger and more market-oriented than the average voter. The party's electorate includes a substantial share of government employees, pensioners and military personnel, who are dependent on the state for their livelihood. Sixty-four percent of United Russia supporters are female. According to researchers, this could be because women place a great value on stability. In the run-up to the 2011 Duma elections, it was reported that support for United Russia was growing among young people.Registered parties
All parties registered by the Ministry of Justice have the right to participate in any elections all over the country. The list is placed on the . In December 2012, there were 48 registered parties in Russia; 6 of them are currently represented in the State Duma as of 2017.Currently represented in the State Duma
- United Russia
- Communist Party
- Liberal Democratic Party
- A Just Russia
- Rodina
- Civic Platform
Currently represented in regional parliaments">Regional parliaments of Russia">regional parliaments
- Patriots of Russia
- Yabloko
- Civic Platform
- Communists of Russia
- Communist Party of Social Justice
- Party of Growth
- Rodina
- Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice
List of registered parties
Historical parties (1992–present)
- Merged into United Russia:
- * Our Home – Russia
- * Fatherland – All Russia
- * Unity
- Merged into A Just Russia:
- * People's Party of the Russian Federation
- * Russian Party of Life
- * Party of Social Justice
- * United Socialist Party of Russia
- Merged into Patriots of Russia:
- * Party of Peace and Unity
- * Other
- Russian Democratic Reform Movement
- Russian Communist Workers Party
- Party of Russian Unity and Accord
- Civic Union
- Future of Russia–New Names
- Dignity and Charity
- Democratic Choice of Russia
- Women of Russia party
- Beer Lovers Party
- Derzhava
- Party of Workers' Self-Government
- Conceptual Party Unity
- People's Union
- Green Russia
- Russian Section of the Committee for a Workers' International
- Social Democratic Party of Russia
- Christian Democratic Party of Russia
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- Conservative Party of Russia
- Eurasia Party
- Green Alternative
Banned parties in Russia
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- National Bolshevik Party
- Hizb ut-Tahrir
Soviet parties, 1917–1992
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union . Factions:
- *Anti-Party Group
- *Group of Democratic Centralism
- *Left Communists
- *Left Opposition
- *Right Opposition
- *United Opposition
- *Workers' Opposition
- Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union
Parties of the Russian Empire, 1721–1917
- Constitutional Democratic Party
- Union of October 17
- Party of Democratic Reform
- Socialist-Revolutionary Party
- * Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
- * Trudoviks
- Popular Socialists
- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Factions:
- *Bolsheviks
- *Mensheviks
- *Mezhraiontsy
- *Yedinstvo
- Union of the Muslims of Russia
- Polish Socialist Party
- Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
- General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia
- Jewish Socialist Workers Party
- Union of the Russian People
- Party of Return to Serfdom
Other historical parties
- For Holy Russia
- Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party, a 1906–1928 Zionist socialist political party in Russia
- Pamyat
- People's National Party
- Russian Maoist Party
- Russian Movement
- Russian National Socialist Party
- Russian National Unity
- Union of Social Democrats
- Communists of Russia
- Russian Section of the Committee for a Workers' International
Footnotes