Politics of Hungary
Politics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The Prime Minister is the head of government of a pluriform multi-party system, while the President is the head of state and holds a largely ceremonial position.
Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament. The party system since the last elections is dominated by the conservative Fidesz. The two larger oppositions are Hungarian Socialist Party and Jobbik; there are also opposition parties with no formal faction but representation in parliament The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Hungary is an independent, democratic and constitutional state, which has been a member of the European Union since 2004. Since 1989 Hungary has been a parliamentary republic.
Legislative power is exercised by the unicameral National Assembly that consists of 199 members. Members of the National Assembly are elected for four years.
Executive branch
Legislative branch
The unicameral, 199-member National Assembly is the highest organ of state authority and initiates and approves legislation sponsored by the prime minister. Its members are elected for a four-year term. The election threshold is 5%, but it only applies to the multi-seat constituencies and the compensation seats, not the single-seat constituencies.Political parties and elections
Judicial branches
A fifteen-member Constitutional Court has power to challenge legislation on grounds of unconstitutionality. This body was last filled on July 2010. Members are elected for a term of twelve years.The President of the Supreme Court of Hungary and the Hungarian civil and penal legal system he leads is fully independent of the Executive Branch.
The Attorney General or Chief Prosecutor of Hungary is currently fully independent of the Executive Branch, but his status is actively debated
Several ombudsman offices exist in Hungary to protect civil, minority, educational and ecological rights in non-judicial matters. They have held the authority to issue legally binding decisions since late 2003.
Financial branch
The central bank, the Hungarian National Bank was fully self-governing between 1990–2004, but new legislation gave certain appointment rights to the Executive Branch in November 2004 which is disputed before the Constitutional Court.Administrative divisions
Hungary is divided in 19 counties, 23 urban counties*, and 1 capital city** ; Bács-Kiskun, Baranya, Békés, Békéscsaba*, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Budapest**, Csongrád, Debrecen*, Dunaújváros*, Eger*, Érd*, Fejér, Győr*, Győr-Moson-Sopron, Hajdú-Bihar, Heves, Hódmezővásárhely*, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvár*, Kecskemét*, Komárom-Esztergom, Miskolc*, Nagykanizsa*, Nógrád, Nyíregyháza*, Pécs*, Pest, Salgótarján*, Somogy, Sopron*, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, Szeged*, Szekszárd*, Székesfehérvár*, Szolnok*, Szombathely*, Tatabánya*, Tolna, Vas, Veszprém, Veszprém*, Zala, Zalaegerszeg*Involvement in International Organisations
Hungary is a member of the ABEDA, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, CEPI EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, NAM, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WCO, WEU, WFTU, Visegrád group, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, and the Zangger Committee.Ministries
Note: with restructuring and reorganization, this information may change even within a governmental period.| English name | Hungarian name | Minister |
| Ministry of Home Affairs | Belügyminisztérium | Sándor Pintér |
| Ministry of Rural Development | Vidékfejlesztési Minisztérium | Sándor Fazekas |
| Ministry of Defence | Honvédelmi Minisztérium | Csaba Hende |
| Ministry of National Development | Nemzeti Fejlesztési Minisztérium | Zsuzsanna Németh |
| Ministry of Human Resources | Emberi Erőforrás Minisztérium | Zoltán Balog |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Külügyminisztérium | János Martonyi |
| Ministry of Administration and Justice | Közigazgatási és Igazságügyi Minisztérium | Tibor Navracsics |
| Ministry of National Economic Affairs | Nemzetgazdasági Minisztérium | Mihály Varga |
Ministers without portfolio
- Ministers without portfolio: Zsolt Semjén, Tamás Fellegi