Proposed top-level domain
The Domain Name System of the Internet consists of a set of top-level domains which constitute the root domain of the hierarchical name space and database. In the growth of the Internet, it became desirable to expand the initial set of six generic top-level domains in 1984. As a result, new top-level domain names have been proposed for implementation by ICANN. Such proposals included a variety of models ranging from adoption of policies for unrestricted gTLDs that could be registered by anyone for any purpose, to chartered gTLDs for specialized uses by specialized organizations. In October 2000, ICANN published a list of proposals for top-level domain strings it had received.
Geographic proposals
- .geo - Generic geographical locations.
- .ln and .le - Currently being sold by Dennis Hope's "Lunar Embassy Commission" alongside .lunar, .moon, .venus, .mars, .jupiter, .saturn, .uranus, .neptune, .pluto. People who purchase novelty deeds for outer space property from him are also given free domains. None of these TLDs are supported at present by root servers.
- .toronto - was proposed by City of Toronto staff.
Internationalized country code top-level domains
| DNS name | IDN ccTLD | Country | Transliteration | Script | ccTLD | Year of application |
| xn--wgv71a | .日本 | Nippon or Nihon | Kanji | .jp | 2008 | |
| xn--vcst06ab2a | .日本国 | Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku | Kanji | .jp | 2012 | |
| xn--mgbb7fyab | ليبيا. | Lībyā | Arabic | .ly | - |
The following countries have national languages which use other scripts than Latin, but have no internationalized country code top-level domain, and none proposed in the above list:
- Afghanistan
- Bhutan
- Cambodia
- Chad
- Cyprus
- Djibouti
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- North Korea
- Kuwait
- Kyrgyzstan
- Lebanon
- Maldives
- Myanmar
- Nepal
- Tajikistan
Language and community
| Domain name | intended use | sponsor | year of proposal | comments |
| Welsh language and Wales | 2006 | It was proposed by dotCYM for Welsh language and Wales, but ICANN has reserved this for eventual assignment to the Cayman Islands. See also.cymru and.wales. | ||
| .eng | England | 2008 | The website was set up by John Sewell of Maidenhead in Berkshire. Mentioned in PC Pro Online: , Stuart Turton, 23 April 2008 | |
| .ker | Cornish language and Cornwall in general | 2008 | ||
| .lli | Leonese language and Leonese culture | 2007 | Several companies, associations, organisations and institutions are involved in this campaign. | |
| .nai | Native, Aboriginal, and Indigenous peoples of the Americas | 1999 | The original proposal for a Native American managed TLD predates ICANN, and its form was adopted by ICANN as the "sponsored" type of application and eventual contract in the 2001 new gTLD round. .nai's mission is to implement a top-level name space with an indigenous policy, provide an alternative to the several thousand indigenous public administrations, and the larger numbers of indigenous non-governmental, linguistic and cultural institutional, public and private economic enterprises, bands and individuals in the Western Hemisphere currently using name spaces operated under for-profit or colonial policies, and promote the economic development of Indian Country. | |
| Scotland | dotSCO | 2005 | dotSCO began in late 2005 and has been campaigning to build support for a new TLD from among the Scots community around the world. The campaign now appears to be defunct, effectively replaced by now approved.scot. | |
| .sic | Székely Land | 2009 | pontSIC began in late 2008 and has been campaigning to build support for a new TLD from among the Székely community around the world. The campaign was started by the Szekler National Council, and now are involved several companies and institutions. As of September 2009 there are over 33,200 signatories. |
- Note: The dotCYMRU, dotEUS, dotSCOT and dotBZH have formed the , the European Cultural and Linguistic Internet Domains umbrella group to lobby for the successful and speedy application for the bids.
Domains for children
Applications for a kids domain have included:
- Blueberry Hill Communications, Inc., a domain name registration and hosting company in California, submitted a proposal Registry services would be subcontracted to Neustar and Melbourne IT. Registrars are selected under same criteria and process currently imposed by ICANN. This proposal would not rely on objective criteria for categorizing content.
- DotKids, established in 2000 in Rosemont, Illinois intends to utilize SARAF Software Solutions Inc. for software development of a kids registry. DotKids would deal only with ICANN accredited registrars; content rating information is to be retained in the registry and is to describe ratings for an entire site.
- ICM Registry, Inc. request the kids TLD as an integrated solution for improving child safety on the Internet by implicitly attempting to restrict content across both TLDs and targeting a narrow registrant group.
- .KIDS Domains, Inc. is a California for-profit corporation; the proposed registry operator is Toronto-based domain name registrar Tucows Inc. Kids would be a restricted TLD..KIDS Domains therefore does not intend to allow other registrars to register domain names.
- The DotJunior Project, an organisation established in late 2014 trying to launch a.Junior TLD for child safety purposes.
In US a sub-domain for children had established since 2003 based on "Dot Kids Implementation and Efficiency Act of 2002, PL 107-317". exists a second-level domain kids.us. However, on 27 July 2012 NTIA decided to suspend it.
Technical domain name themes
- .mail – A domain for e-mail networks, proposed to facilitate fighting e-mail spam.
- .web – A domain for general use on the world wide web.
Specialized and professional topics
- .eco – environmental causes – Limited existence in 2016 and full launch in 2017.
- .med – medical practitioners and organizations – exists from 2016.
- .shop – electronic commerce sites – exists from 2016.
- .sport – sport sites