The CDP1861 was manufactured in a low-power CMOS technology, came in a 24-pin DIP, and required a minimum of external components to work. In 1802-based microcomputers, the CDP1861, used the 1802's built-in DMA controller to display black and whitebitmapped graphics on standard TV screens. The CDP1861 was also known as the Pixie graphics system, display, chip, and video generator, especially when used with the COSMAC ELF microcomputer. Other known chip markings for the 1861 are TA10171, TA10171V1 and a TA10171X, which were early designations for "pre-qualification engineering samples" and "preliminary part numbers", although they have been found in production RCA Studio IIgame consoles and Netronics Elf microcomputers. The CDP1861 was also used in the Telmac 1800 and Oscom Nano microcomputers.
Specifications
The 1861 chip could display 64 pixels horizontally and 128 pixels vertically, though by reloading the 1802's R0 DMA register via the required 1802 software controller program and interrupt service routine, the resolution could be reduced to 64×64 or 64×32 to use less memory than the 1024 bytes needed for the highest resolution or to display square pixels. A resolution of 64×32 created square pixels and used 256 bytes of memory. This was the usual resolution for the Chip-8game programming system. Since the video graphics frame buffer was often similar or equal in size to the memory size, it was not unusual to display your program/data on the screen allowing you to watch the computer "think". Programs which ran amok and accidentally overwrote themselves could be spectacular. The CDP1862 Color Generator Circuit IC, an 1861 companion chip, could be used to generate limited color graphics. Due to the discontinuation of the 1861 and its rarity, in 2004 a fully functional analogue called the Spare Time Gizmos STG1861 was made for use with the newly designed and produced ELF 2000 computer. It is made in the form of a small printed circuit board with two small programmable logic devices, two simple TTL chips, and a 24-pin DIP connector for mounting in place of the original chip.
