Tramways have been used to transport sugar cane from the fields to the mill since 1876, when a 2.4 km horse tramway was constructed on the Selia Levu estate, on the island of Taveuni. The Holmhurst Mill on Tavenui had tramways from 1882 of narrow gauge. A tramway was also built on Mago Island. Most cane tramways were of gauge, on the main islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. Steam engines were used, later replaced with diesel engines. Most of the mills and tramways were built by the Colonial Sugar Refining Company, an Australian-owned company, and were transferred to the Fiji Sugar Corporation in 1973, when CSR withdrew from Fiji. Many lines were on road reserve provided by the government; combined road-rail bridges were common. Some passenger services were provided, such as the famous Free Train from 1915, with one or two trains a week from Lautoka to Kavanagasau and Rarawai on the Rarawai–Kavanagasau Light Railway. In 1988, according to Cane Train, there was 645 km of permanent cane railway in Fiji, for the Lautoka and Rrawai, and Penang mills on Viti Levu, and the Labasa, on Vanua Levu. As of 2020 over 300 km is currently operating.
Passenger lines
In the 1970s, a holiday resort on Malololailai Island, Nadi Bay, built a short tramway from the air strip to the resort complex, using gauge equipment from the Fiji Sugar Corporation. The Coral CoastRailway Company, on Viti Levu, has operated return trips for visitors from Yanuca Island to Natadola Beach from 1986 and also to Sigatoka.
Horse tramways
In 1884, the Levuka Tramway Company operated a gauge tramway along the streets of Levuka to connect warehouses with the wharves. Similar tramways were laid in the new capital of Suva in the 1880s and were put on an official footing in 1891. Both were horse-operated, with the help of manpower.
Mine railways
The EmperorGold Mine, at Vatukoula, in northern Viti Levu, used gauge tramways underground, with 21 battery-electric locomotives.
Construction tramways
Tramways were built for reclamation at Suva and Lautoka, airfield construction at Nadi, tunnelling for the Suva sewerage system and for the 1980s Monasavu hydroelectric scheme in the centre of Viti Levu.
