Rassvet (ISS module)
Rassvet, also known as the Mini-Research Module 1 and formerly known as the Docking Cargo Module, is a component of the International Space Station. The module's design is similar to the Mir Docking Module launched on STS-74 in 1995. Rassvet is primarily used for cargo storage and as a docking port for visiting spacecraft. It was flown to the ISS aboard on the STS-132 mission on May 14, 2010, and was connected to the ISS on May 18. The hatch connecting Rassvet with the ISS was first opened on May 20. On 28 June 2010, the Soyuz TMA-19 spacecraft performed the first docking with the module.
Details
Rassvet was docked to the nadir port of Zarya with help from the SSRMS. Rassvet carried externally attached outfitting equipment from NASA for the Nauka Multipurpose Laboratory Module, a spare elbow joint for the European Robotic Arm, Nauka's experiment airlock for launching cubesats, and a radiator. Delivering Rassvet thus enabled NASA to fulfill its promise to ship 1.4 metric tons to equip the MLM.Rassvet has two docking units: one to attach to the nadir port of the Zarya module, and one to provide a docking port for a Soyuz or Progress spacecraft. It implements the role of the Docking and Stowage Module from the original ISS design. Russia announced the cancellation of the last of the two planned Russian Research Modules when it announced the plans for Rassvet.
Initial planning
The initial ISS plan included a Docking and Storage Module. This planned Russian element was intended to provide facilities for stowage and an additional docking port, and would have been launched to the station on a Proton launch vehicle. The DSM would have been mounted to ZaryaThe DSM was cancelled due to Russian budgetary constraints for some time, but its design was eventually modified into the Docking and Cargo Module that was to be connected to the same Zarya location to provide stowage space and a docking port. During the cancellation period, it was proposed that a Multi Purpose Module called Enterprise should be docked to Zarya, and later the Multipurpose Laboratory Module was proposed to be located there as well, but the Enterprise module has since been cancelled and the MLM will be docked to Zvezda's nadir port instead.
Purpose
Rassvet was designed as a solution to two problems facing the ISS partners:- NASA was under contract to carry the MLM outfitting equipment into space.
- The overlapping missions of the Progress, Soyuz, and ATV spacecraft highlighted the need to have four Russian docking ports available on the ISS. The cancellation of both Russian Research Modules meant that the ISS would be left with just three such docking ports after the installation of the Permanent Multipurpose Module in 2011, which made the nadir port of Zarya unusable.
Design and construction
The module was designed and built by S.P. Korolev RSC Energia, from the already-made pressurized hull of the mock-up for dynamic tests of the canceled Science Power Platform.On December 17, 2009, an Antonov An-124 carrying the Rassvet Module and ground process equipment arrived at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Upon unloading, the equipment was delivered to a prelaunch processing facility run by the Astrotech. Energia specialists and technicians continued their work on the processing of the Rassvet module at the facility, completing stand-alone electrical tests and leak tests of the module and the airlock. They also prepared the airlock and the radiative heat exchanger for installation onto Rassvet. The module was moved to NASA's Space Station Processing Facility on April 2, 2010. After completing the final touches, it was placed into the shuttle payload transporter on April 5, 2010. The payload canister containing the Rassvet Module arrived at Launch Pad 39A on April 15, 2010.
Engineers at Launch Pad 39A preparing Space Shuttle Atlantis had noticed paint peeling from the MRM-1 module. Although the problem was declared to have no impact on the operation of Rassvet, it posed a potential threat of releasing debris on orbit.
Specifications
Source:| Module launch mass | 5,075 kg |
| Total Launch mass | 8,015 kg |
| Maximum hull diameter | 2.35 m |
| Hull length between docking assembly planes | 6 m |
| Pressurized volume | 17.4 m3 |
| Habitable volume | 5.85 m3 |
Visited spacecraft
Rassvet was connected to nadir port of Zarya on May 18, 2010.| Patch | Spacecraft | Docking | Undocking |
| Soyuz TMA-19 | 28 June 2010 03:38 UTC | 26 November 2010 01:23 UTC | |
| Soyuz TMA-20 | 17 December 2010 20:12 UTC | 23 May 2011 21:35 UTC | |
| Soyuz TMA-02M | 9 June 2011 21:18 UTC | 21 November 2011 23:00 UTC | |
| Soyuz TMA-03M | 23 December 2011 15:19 UTC | 1 July 2012 04:48 UTC | |
| Soyuz TMA-05M | 17 July 2012 04:51 UTC | 18 November 2012 22:26 UTC | |
| Soyuz TMA-07M | 21 December 2012 14:09 UTC | 13 May 2013 23:08 UTC | |
| Soyuz TMA-09M | 29 May 2013 02:10 UTC | 1 November 2013 | |
| Soyuz TMA-11M | 7 November 2013 10:27 UTC | 13 May 2014 22:36 UTC | |
| Soyuz TMA-13M | 29 May 2014 19:57 UTC | 10 November 2014 00:31 UTC | |
| Soyuz TMA-15M | 23 November 2014 01:01 UTC | 11 June 2015 10:20 UTC | |
| Soyuz TMA-17M | 23 July 2015 02:45 UTC | 11 December 2015 09:49 UTC | |
| Soyuz TMA-19M | 15 December 2015 17:33 UTC | 18 June 2016 5:52 UTC | |
| Soyuz MS-01 | 9 July 2016 04:12 UTC | 30 October 2016 03:58 UTC | |
| Soyuz MS-03 | 19 November 2016 21:58 UTC | 2 June 2017 10:47 UTC | |
| Soyuz MS-05 | 28 July 2017 21:54 UTC | 14 December 2017 05:14 UTC | |
| Soyuz MS-07 | 19 December 2017 08:39 UTC | 3 June 2018 09:16 UTC | |
| Soyuz MS-09 | 8 June 2018 13:01 UTC | 20 December 2018 01:42 UTC | |
| Soyuz MS-12 | 15 March 2019 01:01 UTC | 03 October 2019 07:37 UTC |
Gallery
Location on ISS
Rassvet is located on the nadir of the Zarya module.in July 2011 with a Russian Progress unmanned vehicle, two Soyuz manned spacecraft, and an additional Progress vehicle currently docked. Viewing from starboard, facing to port, with zenith upwards, Rassvet can be seen attached to the nadir of Zarya.