In March 2005, Andorra legalised "stable unions". The new law took effect following promulgation by Co-Prince Jacques Chirac. Co-Prince Joan Enric, the current Bishop of Urgell, did not sign the law. Although the co-princes are both Chiefs of State for Andorra, only a single signature is required to sanction and promulgate new laws, and to order their publication in the Principality of Andorra. The relationship is called unió estable de parella in Catalan.
Eligibility
Partners seeking to enter a stable union must not be related in direct line by consanguinity or adoption, or in the collateral line by consanguinity to the fourth degree. Both partners must be adults or emancipated minors, must not be already married or in an existing stable union, must live as a couple and at least one partner must be a resident of Andorra or an Andorran national.
Process of registration
The couple must submit an application accompanied by the following documents: A sworn declaration of cohabitation, a copy of the current passport or identity document of both partners, a certificate of residency for each partner, a private pact signed by both partners setting out property and personal relations arising from the relationship and the rights and obligations of the relationship and a sworn statement by two witnesses confirming the permanent nature of the cohabitation. The stable union is registered six months after the declaration and is then entered into the Register of Stable Unions.
Rights and responsibilities
A couple in a stable union have legal rights and responsibilities including the obligation to support one another, the right to compensation and maintenance in the event of a breakup and the same rights as spouses for the purposes of social security and employment law. The stable union law also recognises the right to adopt a child, subject to the same rules as a married couple, but only for heterosexual couples.
Dissolution
A stable union ends by the marriage of either party, the death of either party, a unilateral declaration by formal written notification notified to the other party or a mutual declaration.
Civil unions
On 2 June 2014, following an earlier announcement, the ruling Democrats for Andorra party introduced a bill to establish civil unions. Civil unions would be equal to marriage in everything but name as the word "marriage" was one of the main reasons why the Democrats for Andorra voted against the failed same-sex marriage law in May 2014. The bill would also give same-sex couplesjoint adoption rights. After months of consultation, the bill passed the General Council on a vote of 20 to 3 with several abstentions on 27 November 2014.
On 24 December 2014, the bill was published in the official journal, following promulgation by Co-Prince François Hollande as the signature of one of the two co-princes was needed. It took effect on 25 December. Andorran LGBT rights groups denounced the law as discriminatory and full of legal deficiencies, and have proposed legal action to obtain the right to marry.
Statistics
By the end of 2017, 35 same-sex civil unions had been performed in Andorra. Of these, 21 were between male couples and 14 between female couples.
Same-sex marriage
On 21 April 2009, Jaume Bartumeu, leader of the Social Democratic Party, announced that the party would open up a debate on same-sex marriage in Andorra if it won the 2009 elections. The Social Democrats won the election and Bartumeu became Head of Government, but no subsequent action was taken to legalise same-sex marriage, and the Social Democratic Party was defeated by the Democrats for Andorra in elections in 2011. In January 2013, the Andorran Superior Court of Justice granted Social Security survivor's benefits to Juan García Pérez, who had married his late husband in Spain, but had never applied for domestic partnership status in Andorra. The first same-sex marriage in Andorra occurred at the French embassy in Andorra la Vella in November 2013. The marriage was performed under French law, which had recently been amended to permit marriages between same-sex couples. On 31 March 2014, the Social Democratic Party introduced a bill to legalize same-sex marriage. On 29 May 2014, the bill was rejected by the Parliament. Supporters of the bill had collected some 3,000 signatures in favor of same-sex marriage, which they presented to Parliament. On 10 March 2020, three parties forming the governing coalition, the Democrats, the Liberal Party and Committed Citizens, presented the draft of a bill to legalize same-sex marriage. It will be consulted with the Bar Association and the Superior Council of Justice, before being submitted to the General Council. If enacted, the bill will take effect on 1 June 2021. The legislation would create two forms of marriage; civil marriage, open to both same-sex and different-sex couples, and "canonical marriage" performed by the religious authorities. Both would confer the same legal rights and benefits. Marriage officers would not be able to refuse to preside over a civil marriage, except if they have noticied the Civil Registry, at which point another marriage officer would solemnize the marriage.
Public opinion
According to a 2013 survey by the Institut d'Estudis Andorrans, 70% of Andorrans were in favour of same-sex marriage, 19% were against and 11% were undecided or had refused to answer.
