Romanian diaspora
The Romanian diaspora is the ethnically Romanian population outside Romania and Moldova. The concept does not usually include the ethnic Romanians who live as natives in nearby states, chiefly those Romanians who live in Ukraine and Serbia. Therefore, the number of all Romanians abroad is estimated at about 4–12 million people, depending on one's definition of the term "Romanian" as well as the inclusion/exclusion of ethnic Romanians living in nearby countries where they are indigenous. The definition of "who is a Romanian?" may range from rigorous conservative estimates based on self-identification and official statistics to estimates that include people of Romanian ancestry born in their respective countries as well as people born to ethnic-minorities from Romania.
In 2006, the Romanian diaspora was estimated at about 8 million people by the president of Romania, Traian Băsescu, most of them living in the former USSR, Western Europe, North America, South America, and Australia. It is unclear if Băsescu included the indigenous Romanians living in the immediate surroundings of the Romanian state such as those in Moldova, Ukraine, or Serbia.
In December 2013, Cristian David, the government minister for the Department of Romanians Everywhere, declared that a new reality illustrates that between 6–8 million Romanians live outside Romania's borders. This includes 2–3 million indigenous Romanians living in neighbouring states such as Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, the Balkans and especially the Republic of Moldova. The number also includes circa 2.7–3.5 million Romanians in Western Europe.
The Romanian diaspora has emerged as a powerful political force in elections since 2009. For the 2014 presidential election, voting in the diaspora was poorly organized and resulted in protests in several major European cities. The diaspora vote played a key role in the final result.
Below is a list of self-declared ethnic Romanians in the countries where they live, excluding those who live in Romania and Moldova but including those who live in Ukraine, Serbia, Hungary, and Bulgaria.
The numbers are based on official statistical data in the respective states where such Romanians reside or – wherever such data is unavailable – based on official estimates made by the Romanian department for Romanians abroad.
Ethnic Romanians are primarily present in Europe and North America. However, there are ethnic Romanians in Turkey, both in the Asian and European parts of the country, descendants of Wallachian settlers invited by the Ottoman Empire from the early fourteenth to the late nineteenth centuries. There are about 2,000 Romanian immigrants in Japan since the late twentieth century.
Distribution by country
| Country | Year | Population | Origin, notes |
| 2020 | 1,207,919 | Immigrants | |
| 2018 | 965,000 | Immigrants | |
| 2020 | 593,532 / 671,985 | Immigrants | |
 United States | 2015 | 468,994 | Immigrants |
| 2019 | 434,000 | Immigrants | |
| 2016 | 238,050 | Immigrants | |
| 2014 | 205,600 | Immigrants | |
| 200,000 | Immigrants | ||
| 2001 | 150,989 | Indigenous to Zakarpattia Oblast, Odessa Oblast and Chernivtsi Oblast | |
| 2020 | 123,461 | Immigrants, of whom 36,000 live in Vienna | |
| 2016 | 118,400 | Immigrants | |
| 2019 | 96,034 | Immigrants | |
| 2011 | 46,523 | Immigrants. There are also 209,000 Aromanian and 3,000 Megleno-Romanian speaking people in Greece; however, they are not considered an ethnic but a linguistic/cultural minority. | |
| 2019 | 34,185 | Immigrants | |
| 2019 | 32,294 | Immigrants | |
| 2018 | 30,504 | Immigrants | |
| 2011 | 30,924 | Indigenous to Eastern Hungary; Immigrants | |
| 2011 | 29,332 | Indigenous to Vojvodina, Timočka Krajina and parts of Central Serbia | |
| 2016 | 29,186 | Immigrants | |
| 2017 | 24,422 | Immigrants | |
| 2011 | 24,376 | Immigrants | |
| 2015 | 21,593 | Immigrants | |
| 2011 | 20,998 | Immigrants | |
| 2019 | 18,625 | Immigrants | |
| 2018 | 14,684 | Immigrants | |
| 2009 | 14,666 | Displaced and deported during World War II | |
| 14,000 | Immigrants | ||
| 10,000 | Immigrants | ||
| 10,000 | Immigrants | ||
| 2017 | 8,474 | Immigrants | |
| 6,444 | Immigrants | ||
| 2019 | 5,209 | Immigrants | |
| 4,000 | Immigrants | ||
| 2010 | 3,201 | Immigrants/Displaced during World War II | |
| 3,100 | Immigrants | ||
| 3,000 | Immigrants | ||
| 2,000 | Immigrants | ||
| 2013 | 1,742 | Immigrants | |
| 1,320 | Immigrants | ||
| 1,000 | Immigrants | ||
| 1,000 | Immigrants | ||
| 2011 | 891 | Indigenous to Vidin Province and parts of Northern Bulgaria | |
| 850 | Immigrants | ||
| 696 | Immigrants | ||
| 634 | Immigrants | ||
| 600 | Immigrants | ||
| 485 | Immigrants | ||
| 420 | Immigrants | ||
| 400 | Immigrants | ||
| 400 | Immigrants | ||
| 398 | Immigrants | ||
| 382 | Immigrants | ||
| 350 | Immigrants | ||
| 2018 | 283 | Immigrants | |
| 250 | Immigrants | ||
| 200 | Immigrants | ||
| 174 | Immigrants | ||
| 155 | Immigrants | ||
| 106 | Immigrants | ||
| 100 | Immigrants | ||
| 100 | Immigrants | ||
| 100 | Immigrants | ||
| 2011 | 77 | Immigrants | |
| 75 | Immigrants | ||
| 2011 | 63 | Immigrants | |
| 30 | Immigrants | ||
| 15 | Immigrants | ||
| There live up to 300,000 Aromanians, but Albanian authorities do not recognize them as Romanian minority. | |||
| Total | 5,019,503 | The estimate is the sum of the countrywide estimates listed. To this are added 1,618,650 people belonging to ethnic groups Romanian authorities claim to be part of the Romanian population. The total estimate is roughly 6.6 million. |