Special Committee on Decolonization


The United Nations Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, or the Special Committee on Decolonization , is a committee of the United Nations General Assembly that was established in 1961 and is exclusively devoted to the issue of decolonization.

History

When the United Nations was created, there were 750 million people living in territories that were non-self-governing. However, the Charter of the United Nations included, in Chapter XI, provisions calling for recognition of the rights of inhabitants of territories administered by its Member States. It called for these Member States to aid in the establishment of self-governance through the development of free political institutions, as well as to keep in mind the political aspirations of the peoples.
The Charter also created, in Chapter XII, the international trusteeship system. This system allowed for the administration and supervision of territories placed under the control of the United Nations by Member States wishing to grant independence to their colonial possessions. These "Trust" territories were administered by the United Nations Trusteeship Council, which was created by Chapter XIII of the Charter.
Hoping to speed up the process of decolonization, the General Assembly passed Resolution 1514, also known as the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. The Declaration stated that all peoples have the right to self-determination, and that immediate steps should be taken to end colonialism unconditionally.

Members

On 27 November 1961 the General Assembly created the precursor to the Special Committee by Resolution 1654, which established a Special Committee of 17 members to examine the application of the Declaration and to make recommendations on how to better implement it. The original members were:
On 7 December 1962, the General Assembly added seven seats to the Committee, bringing the total number of members up to 24. The number increased again in 2004, 2008 and 2010. The number 24 continues to be used when describing the Committee even though it now has 29 members.

International Decades for the Eradication of Colonialism

In 1990, the General Assembly proclaimed 1990–2000 as the International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism by Resolution 43/47, with the ultimate goal being the full implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. The General Assembly adopted the report of the Secretary-General dated 13 December 1991 as the Plan of Action for the Decade.
On 8 December 2000, the General Assembly proceeded to proclaim the Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, lasting from 2001 to 2010 via Resolution 55/146. The Resolution called upon Member States to redouble their efforts to implement the Plan of Action during the Second Decade.
On 10 December 2010, the General Assembly proclaimed 2010–2020 as the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism via Resolution 65/119. The Resolution called upon Member States to intensify their efforts to continue to implement the Plan of Action during the Third Decade.

Working methods

The Committee holds its main session in New York in June, as well as an annual seminar in the Caribbean and Pacific in alternate years. In 2018, the seminar was held in St. George's, Grenada.
At each main session, the Committee reviews the list of territories to which the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples is applicable and makes recommendations on its implementation and on the dissemination of public information on decolonization to the local population. It also hears statements from Non-Self-Governing Territories, dispatches missions to these NSGTs and organizes seminars on the political, social and economic situation in the NSGTs.
The Committee reports to the General Assembly on its work through the Fourth Committee.

Listed non-self-governing territories

, there were 17 territories on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories:
Territory------
TerritoryCapitalCurrencyLanguageAdministering stateContinentNotes
'Pago PagoUnited States dollarEnglishOceania
'The ValleyEast Caribbean dollarEnglishAmericas
'HamiltonBermudian dollarEnglish United KingdomAmericas
'Road TownUnited States dollarEnglish United KingdomAmericas
'George TownCayman Islands dollarEnglish United KingdomAmericas
'StanleyFalkland PoundEnglish United KingdomAmericas
'PapeeteCFP francFrenchOceania
'GibraltarGibraltar poundEnglish United KingdomEurope
'HagatñaUnited States dollarEnglish United StatesOceania
'PlymouthEast Caribbean dollarEnglish United KingdomAmericas
'NouméaCFP francFrench FranceOceania
'AdamstownNew Zealand dollarEnglish United KingdomOceania
'JamestownSaint Helena poundEnglish United KingdomAfrica
'FakaofoNew Zealand dollarEnglishOceania
'Cockburn TownUnited States dollarEnglish United KingdomAmericas
'Charlotte AmalieUnited States dollarEnglish United StatesAmericas
El AaiúnSahrawi pesetaArabic/SADRAfrica

As of 2016, several of the territories on the list have rejected independence through referendums, such as Gibraltar in 2002 and the Falkland Islands in 2013. Likewise in 2013 the elected Assembly of French Polynesia objected to that territory's inclusion on the list. There is also controversy surrounding the viability of several of the listed territories as independent nations, such as Pitcairn, which had a population estimated at just 57 in 2015.

Membership

The following are the current members of the Committee:
Various members on various occasion have blocked the admission and re-admission of their respective territories for decolonization, despite various independence movements within those territories.
As such, various organizations have stated that the committee is 'no longer relevant' as many of its members are colonizers themselves, controlling various territories wanting independence.

Bureau

The following make up the bureau of the Special Committee for the 73rd Session of the General Assembly:
NameCountryPosition
Walton Alfonso WebsonAntigua and BarbudaChair
Dian Triansyah DjaniIndonesiaVice-Chair
Anayansi Rodriguez CamejoCubaVice-Chair
Adikalie Foday SumahSierra LeoneVice-Chair
Bashar Ja’afariRapporteur

Recommendation on Puerto Rico

The Special Committee on Decolonization refers to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico as a nation in its reports, because, internationally, the people of Puerto Rico are often considered to be a Caribbean nation with their own national identity. Most recently, in a June 2016 report, the Special Committee called for the United States to expedite the process to allow self-determination in Puerto Rico. More specifically, the group called on the United States to expedite a process that would allow the people of Puerto Rico to exercise fully their right to self-determination and independence.... allow the Puerto Rican people to take decisions in a sovereign manner and to address their urgent economic and social needs, including unemployment, marginalization, insolvency and poverty".
In one of the referendums on the political status of Puerto Rico held in 2012, only 5.49% of Puerto Ricans voted for independence, while 61.16% voted for statehood and 33.34% preferred free association. Another then-recent referendum was held in 2017 with over 97% voting in favor of statehood over independence, though historically low voter turn-out has called into question the validity of the poll. Much of the low turn-out has been attributed to a boycott led by the pro-status-quo PPD party and the pro-independence PIP party.