Swabian German
Swabian is one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German that belong to the High German dialect continuum. It is mainly spoken in Swabia which is located in central and southeastern Baden-Württemberg and the southwest of Bavaria. Furthermore, Swabian German dialects are spoken by Caucasus Germans in Transcaucasia. The dialects of the Danube Swabian population of Hungary, the former Yugoslavia and Romania are only nominally Swabian and can be traced back not only to Swabian but also to Frankonian, Bavarian and Hessian German dialects, with locally varying degrees of influence of the initial dialects.
Description
Swabian can be difficult to understand for speakers of Standard German due to its pronunciation and partly differing grammar and vocabulary. For example, the Standard German term for "strawberry jam" is Erdbeermarmelade, whereas in Swabian it is called Bräschdlingsgsälz.In 2009, the word Muggeseggele, meaning the scrotum of a housefly, was voted in a readers' survey by Stuttgarter Nachrichten, the largest newspaper in Stuttgart, as the most beautiful Swabian word, well ahead of any other term. The expression is used in an ironic way to describe a small unit of measure and is deemed appropriate to use in front of small children. German broadcaster SWR's children's website, Kindernetz, explained the meaning of Muggeseggele in their Swabian dictionary in the Swabian-based TV series Ein Fall für B.A.R.Z.
Characteristics
- The ending "-ad" is used for verbs in the first person plural.
- As in other Alemannic dialects, the pronunciation of "s" before "t" and "p" is
- The voice-onset time for plosives is about halfway between where it would be expected for a clear contrast between voiced and unvoiced-aspirated stops. This difference is most noticeable on the unvoiced stops, rendering them very similar to or indistinguishable from voiced stops:
- One obvious feature is the addition of the diminutive "-le" suffix on many words in the German language. With the addition of this "-le", the article of the noun automatically becomes "das" in the German language, as in Standard German. The Swabian "-le" is the same as standard German "-lein" or "-chen", but is used, arguably, more often in Swabian. A small house is a Häuschen in Standard German, a Heisle in Swabian. In some regions, "-la" for plural is used. Many surnames in Swabia are also made to end in "-le".
| German | Swabian |
| Zug | Zigle |
| Haus | Heisle |
| Kerl | Kerle |
| Mädchen | Mädle |
| Baum | Baimle |
- Articles are often pronounced as "dr", "d" and "s".
- The "ch" is sometimes omitted or replaced. "ich", "dich" and "mich" may become "i", "di" and "mi".
- Vowels:
| German | Swabian | Example |
| short a | machen = macha | |
| long a | schlafen = schlofa | |
| short e | Mensch, fest = Mentsch, fescht | |
| short e | Fest = Fäscht | |
| long e | leben = läaba | |
| short o | Kopf = Kopf | |
| long o | hoch, schon = hau, schau | |
| short ö | können, Köpfe = kenna, Kepf | |
| long ö | schön = schee | |
| short i | in = en | |
| long i | nie = nia | |
| short ü | über = iber | |
| long ü | müde = miad | |
| short u | und = ond | |
| long u | gut = guat | |
| ei | , | Stein = Schdoa/Schdoi |
| ei | mein = mei | |
| au | laufen = laofa | |
| au | Haus = Hous | |
| eu | , | Feuer = Feijer/Fuijer |
In many regions, the Swabian dialect is spoken with a unique intonation that is also present when native speakers speak in Standard German. Similarly, there is only one alveolar fricative phoneme, which is shared with most other southern dialects. Most Swabian-speakers are unaware of the difference between and and do not attempt to make it when they speak Standard German.
The voiced plosives, the post-alveolar fricative, and the frequent use of diminutives based on "l" suffixes gives the dialect a very "soft" or "mild" feel, often felt to be in sharp contrast to the harder varieties of German spoken in the North.
Phonology
Consonants
- Voiceless stops are frequently aspirated as.
- Allophones of // are often a pharyngeal or velar sound, or lowered to an approximant .
- occurs as an intervocalic allophone of /, /.
Vowels
- // preceding a nasal consonant may be pronounced as . When // is lengthened, before a nasal consonant, realized as .
- // preceding an // can be pronounced as .
| Front | Central | Back | |
| Close | , | ||
| Mid | , | ||
| Open |
Classification and variation
Swabian is categorized as an Alemannic dialect, which in turn is one of the two types of Upper German dialects. The ISO 639-3 language code for Swabian is swg.File:Wirkoennenalles.jpg|thumb|250px|A sticker that translates as: "We can do everything. Except standard German."
The Swabian dialect is composed of numerous sub-dialects, each of which has its own variations. These sub-dialects can be categorized by the difference in the formation of the past participle of 'sein' into gwäa and gsei. The Gsei group is nearer to other Alemannic dialects, such as Swiss German. It can be divided into South-East Swabian, West Swabian and Central Swabian.
Recognition in mass media
The Baden-Württemberg Chamber of Commerce launched an advertising campaign with the slogan "Wir können alles. Außer Hochdeutsch." which means "We can everything. Except Standard German" to boost Swabian pride for their dialect and industrial achievements. However, it failed to impress Northern Germans and neighboring Baden. Dominik Kuhn became famous in Germany with schwäbisch fandub videos, dubbing among others Barack Obama with German dialect vocals and revised text.Swabian dialect writers
- Sebastian Sailer
- August Lämmle :de:August Lämmle|
- Josef Eberle :de:Josef Eberle|
- Thaddäus Troll
- Hellmut G. Haasis
- Peter Schlack :de:Peter Schlack |
- Gerhard Raff
Literature