Across Russia, electoral districts for the Constituent Assembly election generally followed governorate or oblast boundaries. But in the southern Caucasus a single constituency was created for six governorates, two oblasts and two okrugs. In the debates in the All-Russian Electoral Commission the Armenian scholar Dr. Nicholas Adontz had argued in favour of creating three separate districts - Armenian, Georgian and Muslim. Muslim representatives had argued against this proposal, and in the end the Russian electoral authorities opted for a single Transcaucasian constituency. By mid-1917 the Central Transcaucasian Commission for the Elections to the Constituent Assembly was set-up, under the aegis of the Special Transcaucasian Committee.
Voting
The vote was held in Transcaucasus November 26–28, within two weeks of the formation of the Transcaucasian Commissariat. 15 lists were in the fray in Transcaucasus. The three largest parties in Transcaucasus were the Mensheviks, the Musavat Party and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Whilst the Mensheviks were the most voted party, in Transcaucasus Menshevism had become intertwined with Georgian nationalism. Soon after the election, the Georgian Mensheviks would become openly nationalistic. The Bolshevik vote came mainly from soldiers at the Baku garrison and blue-collar workers of the same city.
Constituency-wide results
Baku Governorate
Musavat won most of the Azerbaijani vote in Baku Governorate, followed by Ittihad.
The vote in Baku city and its surrounding industrial areas differed greatly from the rest of the governorate, with a strong Bolshevik and Armenian vote. At the oil fields and the garrison the voter participation stood at around 75%, whilst in the city proper around 52%. There were clashes reported between Musavat and Ittihad and between the Muslim Socialist Bloc and Hummet, although no major disruptions on the polling day. The Bolsheviks obtained 22,276 votes, followed by Musavat with 21,752 votes, Dashnaks with 20,314 votes, SRs with 18,789 votes, Kadets with 9,062 votes, Ittihad with 7,850 votes, Mensheviks 5,667 votes, Zionists 2,081 votes, Armenian Populists 1,508 votes, Muslim Socialist Bloc 903 votes, Georgian Socialist-Federalists 456 votes, Georgian National Democrats 145 votes, Popular Socialists 116 votes and Western Transcaucasian Muslims 3 votes. In the city proper the Dashnaks obtained the highest vote, 12,517 votes, followed by the Musavat and Bolshevik lists. The Kadet vote in the governorate was centered in Baku city. In the Baku garrison the Bolsheviks got 7,699 voted. The Bolsheviks scored an even bigger victory amongst the prisoners at the Baku jail, with 186 out of 198 votes.
Baku uezd
Ittihad won the elections in the rural areas of Baku uezd, in the villages of the Absheron Peninsula. Out of 25,748 votes cast in the uezd, Ittihad obtained 19,812.
In Tiflis the Mensheviks got 31,288 votes, the Dashnaks 19,595 votes, the Bolsheviks 19,172 votes, the SRs 11,504, the Kadets 9,565 votes, Georgian Federalists-Socialists 3,496 votes, Georgian National Democrats 3,282 votes, Armenian Populists 1,612 votes, Zionists 794 votes, Muslim Socialist Bloc 433 votes, Hummet 407 votes, Musavat 322 votes, Popular Socialists 252, Trancaucasian Muslims 4 votes and Ittehad 2 votes. The Bolsheviks quadrupled their vote compared to the July 1917 Tiflis city duma election. In the Tiflis garrison the Bolsheviks got 13,138 votes, the SRs 7,734 votes, the Mensheviks 4,173 votes, the Kadets 1,767 votes, Dashnaks 1,377 votes, Georgian Socialist-Federalists 489 votes, Musavat 322 votes, Georgian National Democrats 192 votes, Zioists 55 votes, Armenian Populists 52 votes, Popular Socialists 47, Hummet 47 votes, Western Transcaucasian Muslims 3 votes, Ittehad 2 votes and Muslim Socialist Bloc 1 vote.
In Batum, the Mensheviks got 6,809 votes, the SRs 5,801 votes, the Bolsheviks 2,926 votes, Dashnaks 1,471 votes, Kadets 1,400 votes, Georgian Socialist-Federalists 481 votes, Georgian National Democrats 328 votes, Zionists 300 votes, Armenian Populists 105 votes, Musavat 46 votes, Muslim Socialist Bloc 7 votes and Hummet 1 vote. However, the SR and Bolshevik vote came largely from the city garrison, where the two parties obtained 4,825 votes and 2,614 votes respectively.
