Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor , also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF13B gene . TNFRSF13B is a transmembrane protein of the TNF receptor superfamily found predominantly on the surface of B cells , which are an important part of the immune system . TACI recognizes three ligands: APRIL , BAFF and CAML.Function TACI is a lymphocyte-specific member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. It was originally discovered because of its ability to interact with calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand . TACI was later found to play a crucial role in humoral immunity by interacting with two members of the TNF family: BAFF and APRIL. These proteins signal through TACI inducing activation of several transcription factors including NFAT , AP-1 , and NF-kappa-B which then modulate cellular activities. Defects in the function of TACI can lead to immune system diseases and has shown to cause fatal autoimmunity in mice. TACI controls T cell-independent B cell antibody responses, isotype switching , and B cell homeostasis .Clinical significance TACI mutations are associated with immunodeficiency in humans, as a significant proportion of CVID patients have TACI mutations. People with this condition produce abnormally low amounts of antibodies , which are needed for protection against infections. In humans, the gene encoding this protein is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17 . TACI is currently being targeted for autoimmunity and B cell malignancies via atacicept , a recombinant fusion protein that binds the TACI ligands BAFF and APRIL.Interactions TNFRSF13B has been shown to interact with B-cell activating factor , TRAF6 , TRAF5 , TNFSF13 , TRAF2 and CAMLG .
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