Virgen de los desamparados


Our Lady of the Forsaken is a Catholic invocation of the Virgin Mary. She is the patroness of Valencia and one of seven patrons of the Autonomous communities of Spain. She appears with a lily in one hand and in the other, she carries the baby Jesus who bears the cross in his arms. Her posture is characterized by a slight forward tilt, and hence, she is known affectionately as the Geperudeta of Valencia. Her image is housed in the 'Basilica de la Virgen de los Desamparados'.

Origin

Legend tells, on 24 February 1409, a Friday at the beginning of Lent, a priest called Father Joan Gilabert Jofré, was on his way from the convent on Mercy Square to St. Catherine's church in Valencia to deliver a sermon. On the way, on Silverworks Street, he witnessed the lynching of a mentally ill man and intervened to save the man. In response to this event, he preached on the subject of care of the mentally ill and established a hospice for the mentally ill.
A manuscript of Manuel Calvo dated 22 December 1848, reads:
Translated, the passage reads:
Ten people responded by building the hospital they called "El Hospital de Los Locos" and on 1 June 1410, Sancta Maria officially opened the 'Hospital d'Innocents, Follcs i Orats' under the protection of the 'Virgin, dels Innocents', known by the people as 'Holy Nostra Dona Maria dels Innocents'.

The Brotherhood

On 29 August 1414, a brotherhood was founded under the invocation of 'Sancta dels Folls Dona Nostra i Desamparats Innocents'. Initially, the goal of the brotherhood was to help the mentally ill. However, due to famine and a high numbers of orphans left by the plague, there were many bereft children on the streets of Valencia and so, the brotherhood extended its care to homeless and abandoned children. Two years later, in keeping with this, the patroness was renamed 'Our Lady of the Forsaken'. In addition to raising funds for the hospital, the Brothers also saw to the burial rites of the dead including hospital patients, shipwrecked sailors and prostitutes. In the Iberian peninsula and Latin-American Spanish speaking countries, the model of the 'Hospital de los Innocentes' was a forerunner in care of the mentally ill.

The miracle of the angels

Jofré and the brothers constructed an oratory in the hospital to house an image of 'our Lady of the Forsaken'. According to legend, three young men dressed as pilgrims arrived and offered to make an image of the Virgin within three days in exchange for their board. They were taken to a place known as "The Hermitage". After four days and without any sound emanating from within, the brothers forced the door and found the image of the Virgin Mary. The mysterious pilgrims had disappeared. Shortly after, a paralyzed and blind woman, who was the wife of one of the Brothers, was cured. The incident gave rise to the legend of "El feren els àngels".

Basilica de la Virgen de los Desamparados

The basilica which now houses the image of 'Our Lady' was built on the site of a Roman temple. A renaissance arch leads from the Basilica on Plaza de la Virgen to Valencia cathedral. Inside the Basilica there is a Gothic style statue of The Virgin with two children at her feet. A mechanical device allows the statue to revolve. Antonio Palomino painted the frescoes on the dome of the nave.

Folds of the tunic

In 1416 King Alfonso V, the Magnanimous stated:
The became known as the "Mare de Déu dels Folls, Innocents i Desemparats". The image was venerated at the hospital oratory until 1487 when it was moved to St Catherine's Cathedral.

Decree of 1493

The Brother's works increased to caring for many disadvantaged people such as foundlings, orphans and prisoners, and so, a second hospital was built. In 1493, Fernando added to the dedication of 'Our Lady of the innocent' that of 'the helpless'.

General hospital

In 1512, the leaders of the city combined all the city's charitable works into one general hospital. However, in 1545, the General Hospital of Valencia was destroyed by a fire in which 30 patients perished. A new hospital, the Hospital of Saragossa, was built with a specialised area for the care of children. On 20 June 1849, it was renamed the 'Provincial Hospital'. On 21 April 1885 Pope Leo XIII granted a Papal bull naming the 'Virgin of the Forsaken' the patroness of Valencia. Since then, those faithful to the 'Virgin of the Forsaken' have helped children, the elderly, the blind, and the mentally ill.

Festival of Our Lady

The feast of 'Our Virgin of the Forsaken' is held on the second Sunday of May when Valencians pay tribute to their patron. Late, on the eve of the festival, at the 'Plaza de La Virgen', the Valencia municipal band performs, followed by fireworks over the Towers of Serrano, and folk dancing. Early, on the Sunday morning, there is an open-air mass.

Traslado

The highlight of the festival takes place on Sunday mid-morning when the image is carried from her basilica, on 'Plaza de la Virgen' to St Catherine's cathedral over a distance of approximately 200 m. She is adored with rose petals being thrown down from balconies and people crying and shaking with the emotion of the spectacle.

Mascletà

On Sunday afternoon, when the Traslado is completed, there is a loud daytime fireworks display,.

Procession

Sunday evening features a more solemn procession of ladies dressed in black, men in suits, city officials and the bishop of Valencia followed by 'Our Lady'. The route includes: Plaza de la Virgen, Caballeros, Plaça del Tossal, Bolsería, Mercado, María Cristina, San Vicente, Pl. Reina, Mar, Avellanas, Palau and Almoina.

Ronda a la Verge

The festival ends on the Monday evening when traditional music is played in the 'Plaza de La Virgen'.

Psychiatric hospitals of [Iberia] in the 15th and 16th centuries