XIV Corps (German Empire)


The XIV Army Corps / XIV AK was a corps level command of the German Army before and during World War I. It was, effectively, also the army of the Grand Duchy of Baden, which, in 1871, had been integrated into the Prussian Army command structure, as had the armies of most German states. Both divisions and the bulk of the corps' support units were from the grand duchy. The corps was established in 1870, after the Siege of Strasbourg.
It was assigned to the V Army Inspectorate, which became the 7th Army at the start of the First World War. It was still in existence at the end of the war as part of the 18th Army, Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz on the Western Front.

Franco-Prussian War

A siege corps was formed to besiege Strasbourg during the Franco-Prussian War under the command of General der Infanterie August von Werder. After the fall of Strasbourg, these troops were formed into a new XIV Corps by the All-highest Cabinet Order of 30 September 1870.
Werder defeated the French at Dijon and at Nuits and proceeded to besiege Belfort. General Charles Denis Bourbaki assembled an army intending to relieve Belfort, leading to the Battle of Villersexel. On 15 January 1871, Bourbaki attacked Werder along the Lisaine River; however, after a three-day battle, he was repelled and his army retreated into Switzerland.
XIV Corps was disbanded in March 1871.

Re-formation

After the peace treaty, the XIV Corps was re-established on 1 July 1871 almost exclusively with troops from the Grand Duchy of Baden.
It was assigned to the V Army Inspectorate, but joined the 7th Army at the start of the First World War.

Peacetime organisation

The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army had a reasonably standardised organisation. Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades, one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each. Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type, so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry, 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments. There were exceptions to this rule:
Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units. This could include one or more
CorpsDivisionBrigadeUnitsGarrison
XIV Corps28th Division55th Infantry Brigade109th Life GrenadiersKarlsruhe
110th Grenadiers "Emperor William I"Mannheim, II Bn at Heidelberg---
56th Infantry Brigade40th Fusiliers "Prince Charles Anton of Hohenzollern"Rastatt--
111th Infantry "Margrave Ludwig William"Rastatt---
28th Field Artillery Brigade14th Field Artillery "Grand Duke"Karlsruhe--
50th Field ArtilleryKarlsruhe---
28th Cavalry Brigade20th Life-DragoonsKarlsruhe--
21st DragoonsBruchsal, Schwetzingen---
29th Division57th Infantry Brigade113th InfantryFreiburg im Breisgau-
114th Infantry "Emperor Frederick III"Konstanz---
58th Infantry Brigade112th Infantry "Prince William"Mülhausen/Elsaß--
142nd InfantryMülhausen/Elsaß, II Bn at Müllheim---
84th Infantry Brigade169th InfantryLahr, II Bn at Villingen--
170th InfantryOffenburg, III Bn at Donaueschingen---
29th Field Artillery Brigade30th Field ArtilleryRastatt--
76th Field ArtilleryFreiburg im Breisgau---
29th Cavalry Brigade22nd Dragoons "Prince Charles"Mülhausen/Elsaß--
5th Jäger zu PferdeMülhausen/Elsaß---
Corps Troops14th Foot ArtilleryStraßburg, Müllheim-
14th Pioneer BattalionKehl---
4th Telegraph BattalionKarlsruhe, Freiburg im Breisgau---
4th Airship BattalionMannheim, Metz, Lahr, Friedrichshafen---
14th Train BattalionDurlach---
Karlsruhe Defence Command
Karlsruhe-

14th Foot Artillery was partially garrisoned in Straßburg and Müllheim. In addition, the 66th Field Artillery was stationed in Lahr and Neubreisach as part of XV Corps.

World War I

Organisation on mobilisation

On mobilization on 2 August 1914, the Corps was restructured. The 28th Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn to form part of the 6th Cavalry Division and the 29th Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned to the divisions as reconnaissance units. The divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters. Unusually, the Corps retained its 5th Infantry brigade, making it the strongest active corps on mobilisation. In summary, XIV Corps mobilised with 30 infantry battalions, 10 machine gun companies, 8 cavalry squadrons, 24 field artillery batteries, 4 heavy artillery batteries, 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment.
CorpsDivisionBrigadeUnits
XIV Corps28th Division55th Infantry Brigade109th Life Grenadier Regiment
110th Grenadier Regiment---
56th Infantry Brigade40th Fusilier Regiment--
111th Infantry Regiment---
28th Field Artillery Brigade14th Field Artillery Regiment--
50th Field Artillery Regiment---
5th Jäger zu Pferde Regiment--
2nd Company, 14th Pioneer Battalion---
3rd Company, 14th Pioneer Battalion---
28th Divisional Pontoon Train---
2nd Medical Company---
29th Division57th Infantry Brigade113th Infantry Regiment-
114th Infantry Regiment---
58th Infantry Brigade112th Infantry Regiment--
142nd Infantry Regiment---
84th Infantry Brigade169th Infantry Regiment--
170th Infantry Regiment---
29th Field Artillery Brigade30th Field Artillery Regiment--
76th Field Artillery Regiment---
22nd Dragoon Regiment--
1st Company, 14th Pioneer Battalion---
29th Divisional Pontoon Train---
1st Medical Company---
3rd Medical Company---
Corps TroopsII Battalion, 14th Foot Artillery Regiment-
20th Aviation Detachment---
14th Corps Pontoon Train---
14th Telephone Detachment---
14th Pioneer Searchlight Section---
Munition Trains and Columns corresponding to II Corps---

Combat chronicle

At the outbreak of World War I, the Corps was assigned to the 7th Army on the left of the forces that executed the Schlieffen Plan and fought in the Battle of the Frontiers. In September, it was transferred to the 6th Army. From November 1916 to March 1917, the corps took command of Group Hardaumont of the 5th Army. In March 1917, it was transferred to the 3rd Army and took command of Group Prosnes. In May, it was transferred to the 4th Army's control and took command of Group Dixmude. During this period, it fought in the Battle of Passchendaele. Taking over from the XIX Corps at Wijtschate in November 1917, the XIV Corps formed a new Group Wytschaete, which it commanded until December 1917, after which it took over Group Busigny in the 6th Army. It remained in command of this group into 1918.
It was still in existence at the end of the war as part of the 18th Army, Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz on the Western Front.

Commanders

The XIV Corps had the following commanders during its existence:
DatesRankName
30 September 1870General der InfanterieAugust von Werder
15 April 1879General der InfanterieHugo von Obernitz
10 August 1888General der InfanterieSigismund von Schlichting
2 January 1896General der KavallerieAdolf von Bülow
27 January 1901General der InfanterieMax von Bock und Polach
11 September 1907General der InfanterieErnst Freiherr von Hoiningen gen. Huene
31 August 1914GeneralleutnantTheodor von Watter
10 March 1915GeneralleutnantKarl Heinrich von Hänisch
12 August 1916GeneralleutnantMartin Chales de Beaulieu
5 September 1917GeneralleutnantAlfred von Böckmann
2 November 1917GeneralleutnantFriedrich von Gontard