Yunus, is the 10th chapter of the Quran with 109 verses . Yunus is named after the prophet Yunus. According to tafsir chronology, it is believed to have been "revealed" before the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammed and his followers from Mecca to Medina, as such, it is known as a Meccan surah. Quran 10 is the first of six surahs which open with the tri-letters alif, lam and ra'.
Revelation
According to the Islamic tradition, the chapter is predominantly revealed during the Meccan phase of Muhammad's prophethood, therefore, a Meccan sura. Based on its context, some verses appeared to date to when Muhammad just started his call to Islam. According to the fifteenth century commentary Tafsir al-Jalalayn, some said that the surah was revealed sometime after Muhammad's Night Journey. Verses 40 and 94–96 appeared to be an exception and were revealed in Medina. The congruity of the topic unmistakably shows this doesn't contain separated sections or talks that were uncovered at various occasions or on various events. Actually, it is, from the starting point to end, a firmly associated talk which more likely than not been uncovered at one sitting. Other than this, the nature of its subject is itself a reasonable confirmation that the Surah has a place with the Makkan time frame. We have no tradition as to the hour of its disclosure, yet its topic gives a clear sign that it probably been uncovered during the last phase of Muhammad's living at Makkah. For the method of the talk recommends that at the hour of its disclosure, the hostility of the rivals of the Message had become so exceptional that they couldn't endure even the nearness of Muhammad and his supporters among themselves, and that left no expectation that they could ever comprehend and acknowledge the message of Muhammad. This shows the last admonition like in this surah had to be given. These attributes of the talk are clear confirmation that it was uncovered during the last phase of the movement at Makkah. Something else that decides all the more explicitly for the Surahs of the last stage at Makkah is the notice of some open or incognito insight about Hijrat from Makkah. As this Surah doesn't contain any clue at about this, it is a proof that it was revealed before those surahs which contain it.
Content
The initial verses of the chapter presents an argumentative dialogue between Islam and its unbelievers. The rest contains the stories of Noah, Moses and Jonah, all considered prophets in Islam. The chapter presents the Meccan pagans' objections against the Quran, and responds to them. The pagans said that Muhammad was a "manifest sorcerer" and that he fabricated the Quran. They also challenged Muhammad to immediately bring the punishment of God, if his claim was true. They also demanded that Muhammad change the Quran to no longer condemn their practice of idolatry and using intercessors when worshipping God. The chapter's response to these objection is a mix of "argument, threat, promise and reproach". It defends the Quran's divine origin, not a fabrication of Muhammad's, and says that Muhammad could not change it even if he wanted to. As for the challenge to bring God's punishment, the chapter says that God may defer punishment in this world if he wants to. It also tells of the punishment against unbelievers in the past, such as the people of Noah and Moses. It says that if the pagans waited for the punishment before believing, it would be too late, as was the case with the Pharaoh of Moses. According to the Quran, the Pharaoh only believed in God just before drowning, and that belief was too late and did not benefit him. The chapter also mentions the People of Jonah, who at first rejected Jonah's message, but then repented and believed. Therefore, unlike the people of Noah and Moses, they were averted from God's punishment. The mention of Jonah in verse 98 gives the chapter its name. The chapter then instructs Muhammad if he had any doubt about the truth of what was revealed to him, he could ask other People of the Book who would be able to confirm the Quran's account of these people of the past.
Name
The chapter is named after Jonah who was known as Yunus in the Islamic tradition, who is mentioned in the verse 98. Despite the chapter being named after him, this verse is the only one where the chapter mentions him. This is not unusual in the Quran, a chapter's name is usually taken from a prominent or unusual word in it, which might or might not relate to its subject matter.
Principal Subjects
The first ayat contains greeting towards the Right Way is reached out to the individuals who were thinking about it a strange thing that Allah's message was being presented on by a person. They were accusing Muhammad of witchcraft, though there is neither anything strange in it nor makes them anything to do with magic or soothsaying. Muhammad is just educated humanity these two realities:
Allah, Who has made the universe, is, indeed, your Rabb, and He Alone is qualified for be worshipped.
That after the life right now, will be another life in the following scene, where you will need to render full record of this current world's life. You will be compensated or rebuffed by whether you adopt the righteous attitude required by Allah in the wake of recognizing Him as your Rabb, or act against His commandments.
Both of these realities will be real factors in themselves, regardless of whether you recognize them in that capacity or not. On the off chance that you acknowledge these, you will have an extremely honored end; else you will meet the shrewd outcomes of your offenses. The significant issues, divine laws, and instructions in the surah can be listed as follows:-
Allah is the only Creator of this universe.
Deities worshiped by mushrikin, other than Allah, have no capacity to either profit or mischief anybody.
Deities other than Allah are not in any case mindful that they are being worshiped.
Allah sent a Rasool for guidance to each nation.
Al-Qur'an gives a fix to all the issues of humankind.
The tale of the Prophet Musa, Fir'on, and his chiefs.
Believing in the wake of seeing the scourge didn't profit any nation aside from the people of the Prophet Yunus.
Forbiddance against compelling anybody to change over to Islam.
Exegesis
Verse 10:25
The ideal society according to the Quran is Dar as-Salam, literally, "the house of peace" of which it intones: And Allah invites to the 'abode of peace' and guides whom He pleases into the right path.
Verse 10:101
It is narrated that when Ja'far al-Sadiq was asked about verse :...the signs and warnings are of no avail to the disbelieving people, he replied the signs are the Imams and the warnings are the Prophets..
