1732

January–June

• January 21 - Russia and Persia sign the Treaty of Riascha at Resht. Based on the terms of the agreement, Russia will no longer establish claims over Persian territories.
• June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia.

  July–December

• August - Mikhail Gvozdev in the Sviatoi Gavriil makes the first known crossing of the Bering Strait, from Cape Dezhnev to Cape Prince of Wales in Alaska.
• September 13 - The Treaty of the Three Black Eagles or the Treaty of Berlin, a secret treaty between the Austrian Empire, the Russian Empire and Prussia against Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• September 16 - The magnitude 5.8 Montreal earthquake occurs in Montreal, New France.
• November 29 - The magnitude 6.6 Irpinia earthquake causes deaths in the former Kingdom of Naples, southern Italy.
• December 7 - The original Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, London is opened.
• December - 139 members of the Parliament of Paris, exiled by order of King Louis XV, secure their recall.

  Date unknown

• Herman Boerhaave publishes the authorized edition of his Elementa chemiae, recognised as the first text on chemistry.
• The Republic of Genoa regains Corsica.
• The world's first lightship is moored at the Nore, in the Thames Estuary of England.
• This year's General Assembly of the Church of Scotland gives rise to the First Secession of 1733.
• Benjamin Franklin, writing under the name Richard Saunders, begins publication of Poor Richard's Almanack. The annual publication will continue until 1758.

  Births

• January - Abbas III, Shah of Persia
• January 17 - Stanisław August Poniatowski, last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania
• January 20 - Richard Henry Lee, 12th President of the Continental Congress
• January 24 - Pierre de Beaumarchais, French writer
• February - Charles Churchill, English poet
• February 6 - Charles Lee, general of the Continental Army
• February 22 - George Washington, first President of the United States
• March 1 - William Cushing, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
• March 31 - Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer
• April 5 - Jean-Honoré Fragonard, French painter
• April 8 - David Rittenhouse, American astronomer, inventor, mathematician, surveyor, scientific instrument craftsman and public official
• April 13 - Frederick North, Lord North, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• April 17 - John Blair Jr., American politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
• June 21 - Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German composer
• September 2 - William Crawford, American soldier and surveyor
• September 26 - José de Córdoba y Ramos, Spanish explorer, naval commander
• September 30 - Jacques Necker, French politician
• October 6 - Nevil Maskelyne, English Astronomer Royal
• October 24 - Cristina Roccati, Italian scholar in physics
• November 4 - Thomas Johnson, American politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
• November 9 - Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse, French salon holder
• November 13 - John Dickinson, Governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania
• December 6 - Warren Hastings, British administrator
• December 15 - Carl Gotthard Langhans, German architect
• December 21 - Johann Christian Wiegleb, German chemist
• December 23 - Richard Arkwright, English inventor
• date unknown
• * John Julius Angerstein, Russian-born English merchant, insurer and art collector
• * Francis Marion, American officer

  Deaths

• January 12 - John Horsley, British archaeologist
• January 22 - Louis de Sabran, British theologian
• February 6 - Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch, wealthy Scottish peeress
• February 7 - William Hiseland, English soldier, reputed supercentenarian
• February 13 - Charles-René d'Hozier, French historian
• February 17 - Louis Marchand, French organist and harpsichordist
• February 18 - Balthasar Permoser, German sculptor
• February 22
• * Francis Atterbury, English bishop and man of letters
• * Marie Thérèse de Bourbon, Princess of Conti and titular queen of Poland
• February 27 - Giacomo Serpotta, Italian artist
• February 28 - André Charles Boulle, French cabinet-maker
• March 20 - Johann Ernst Hanxleden, German philologist
• April 6 - Count Palatine Francis Louis of Neuburg, Hochmeister of the Teutonic Order
• April 28 - Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield
• May 20 - Thomas Boston, Scottish church leader
• May 30 - John King, English churchman
• July 11 - Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
• July 15 - Woodes Rogers, English privateer and first Royal Governor of the Bahamas
• September 24 - Emperor Reigen of Japan
• October 6 - George Duckett, English politician
• October 12 - Dionisia de Santa María Mitas Talangpaz, Filipino saint
• October 25 - Andrea Brustolon, Italian artist
• October 31 - Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
• November 10 - Adam Christian Thebesius, German anatomist
• November 20 - Daniel d'Auger de Subercase, French naval officer, governor of Newfoundland
• November 21 - Jan Jansen Bleecker, Mayor of Albany, New York
• November 26 - Charles Sergison, English politician
• December 4 - John Gay, English poet and dramatist
• December 14 - Johann Philipp Förtsch, German opera composer
• date unknown
• * Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter, calligrapher, encyclopedist, foreign diplomat to Japan
• * Agrippina Petrovna Volkonskaia, politically active Russian lady-in-waiting