1914 in science The year 1914 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.Astronomy and space exploration Sinope , the outermost known moon of Jupiter , is discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory . A 76 cm refracting telescope is built at Allegheny Observatory in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . It is the fifth largest refractor in the world. Robert Goddard begins building rockets. Walter Sydney Adams determines an incredibly high density for Sirius B .Biology and medicine March 27 – Belgian surgeon Albert Hustin makes the first successful non-direct blood transfusion , using anticoagulants. August 1 – Swiss National Park established in the Engadin region of Switzerland. September 1 – Martha , the last known passenger pigeon , dies, in the Cincinnati Zoo . November 6 – Jacques Loeb publishes a paper on artificial parthenogenesis in sea urchins . November 26 – Karl von Frisch publishes his first significant paper on honey bee behavior, "Der Farbensinn und Formensinn der Biene". Julian Huxley publishes The Courtship Habits of the Great Crested Grebe , a key text in ethology . John Joly develops a method of extracting radium and applying it in radiotherapy . Edward Calvin Kendall isolates thyroxine . Morris Simmonds first reports hypopituitarism . Oxymorphone , a powerful narcotic analgesic closely related to morphine, is first developed in Germany.Mathematics In analysis of the Riemann hypothesis * G. H. Hardy shows there are infinitely many zeros on the critical line . Harald Bohr and Edmund Landau show that for any positive ε, all but an infinitely small proportion of zeros lie within a distance ε of the critical line; and R. J. Backlund introduces a better method of checking the zeros. * J. E. Littlewood shows that the prime number theorem underestimates the cumulative total of primes .Mineralogy Pascoite is first described. April 24 – James Franck and Gustav Hertz's experiment on electron collisions showing internal quantum levels of atoms is presented to the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft . October 1 – Edgar Buckingham introduces use of the symbol "i " for the dimensionless variables in what becomes known as the Buckingham π theorem , significant to dimensional analysis . Ernest Rutherford suggests that the positively charged atomic nucleus contains protons.Technology February 3 – Willis Carrier patents an air conditioner in the United States. September 5 – British Royal Navy scout cruiser is sunk by German submarine U-21 in the Firth of Forth , the first ship ever to be sunk by a locomotive torpedo fired from a submarine. November 3 – Polly Jacob patents a backless bra in the United States. Kodak introduce the Autographic system.Other events October 23 – Manifesto of the Ninety-Three proclaimed in Germany.Awards Nobel Prize * Physics – Max von Laue * Chemistry – Theodore William Richards * Medicine – Robert Bárány Births February 5 – Alan Hodgkin , English physiologist , winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine . February 22 – Renato Dulbecco , Italian-born virologist , winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. March 5 – He Zehui , Chinese nuclear physicist . March 8 – Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich , Russian astrophysicist . March 25 – Norman Borlaug , American agronomist , humanitarian and Nobel laureate . May 19 – Max Perutz , Austrian-born biologist . June 3 – Ignacio Ponseti , Menorcan-born pediatric orthopedist. June 4 – Alec Skempton , English pioneer of soil science and engineering historian. July 15 – Gavin Maxwell , Scottish naturalist. July 24 – Frances Oldham Kelsey , Canadian pharmacologist. August 13 – Grace Bates , American mathematician . September 5 – Nicanor Parra , Chilean poet and physicist. October 2 – Jack Parsons , American rocket engineer and occultist. October 6 – Thor Heyerdahl , Norwegian ethnographer and explorer, leader of the Kon-Tiki expedition. October 14 – Raymond Davis, Jr ., American chemist and physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics . October 21 – Martin Gardner , American writer on recreational mathematics . October 28 – Jonas Salk , American medical researcher. December 20 – Mary Helen Wright Greuter , American historian of astronomy . December 31 – Mary Logan Reddick , African American neuroembryologist.Deaths January 24 – Sir David Gill , Scottish astronomer . March 19 – Giuseppe Mercalli , Italian volcanologist . March 30 – John Henry Poynting , English physicist, discovered the Poynting–Robertson effect and developed the Poynting vector . April 16 – George William Hill , American astronomer. April 26 – Eduard Suess , German geologist and ecologist . May 27 – Joseph Swan , English physicist. November 5 – August Weismann , German evolutionary biologist . November 10 – Lydia Shackleton , Irish botanical artist. December 24 – John Muir , Scottish American geologist and ecologist, founder of the Sierra Club . Nadezhda Olimpievna Ziber-Shumova , Russian chemist.
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