COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia


The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It was confirmed to have spread to Indonesia on 2 March 2020, after a dance instructor and her mother tested positive for the virus. Both were infected from a Japanese national.
By 9 April, the pandemic had spread to all 34 provinces in the country and by 23 July, half of them had more than 1,000 cases. East Java, Jakarta, and Central Java are the worst-hit provinces. The largest increase of new cases in a single day occurred on 9 July, when 2,657 cases were announced. At most 2,366 recoveries and 139 fatalities were ever recorded within a span of 24 hours. On 13 July, the recoveries exceeded active cases for the first time.
As of, Indonesia has reported cases, the highest in Southeast Asia, ahead of the Philippines and Singapore. In terms of death numbers, Indonesia ranks fifth in Asia with. Review of data, however, indicated that the number of deaths may be much higher than what has been reported as those who died with acute COVID-19 symptoms but had not been confirmed or tested were not counted in the official death figure.
Indonesia has conducted tests against its 273 million population so far, or around tests per million, making it one of the lowest testing rates in the world. The World Health Organization has urged the nation to perform more tests, especially on suspected patients.
Instead of implementing a nationwide lockdown, the government had approved large-scale social restrictions for some regencies and cities. Starting from late May, they began to apply New Normal, along with another green and yellow zone regions. This policy received much criticism and is considered as a 'disaster' due to the still increasing number of cases.

Statistics

Background

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.
The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.

Timeline

From January until February 2020, Indonesia reported zero cases of COVID-19, despite being surrounded by infected countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Australia. Flights from countries with high infection rate, including South Korea and Thailand, also continued to operate. Health experts and researchers at Harvard University in the United States expressed their concerns, saying that Indonesia is ill-prepared for an outbreak and there could be undetected COVID-19 cases.
On 2 March 2020, Indonesian president Joko Widodo announced the first cases in the country: a dance instructor and her mother in Depok, West Java. Both of them had held a dance class at a restaurant in Kemang, South Jakarta on 14 February, which was attended by more than a dozen people. One of whom was a Japanese, who was later tested positive for the COVID-19 in Malaysia. As Malaysia reported the case, the government of Indonesia began to trace anyone who have had close contact with the Japanese and the infected Indonesians.
The cluster was initially identified as the "Jakarta cluster" or the "dance class cluster", owing to the location of the infection. Since then, confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia began to increase slowly. By 8 March, a total of 6 people who had attended the dance class were infected by the COVID-19, including one case of repatriated Indonesian from the Diamond Princess. Several COVID-19 cases in West Java and Jakarta were found to have a link with the cluster.
The positive cases first confirmed in March are not the first Indonesians to have been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In January, an Indonesian maid in Singapore contracted the virus from her employer.
The first confirmed death of COVID-19 in the country occurred on 11 March when a 53-year-old British citizen in Bali died. However, a Telkom employee who died on 3 March was found positive on 14 March.
An 11-year-old girl who died in Pamekasan, Madura Island, East Java on 20 March had been confirmed as the youngest COVID-19 fatality in the country. On 11 April, an 11-month-old infant died at Bahteramas Regional General Hospital, Kendari while still under Patient Under Supervision status.
A newborn baby who died in Manado, North Sulawesi on 19 May was declared as the youngest COVID-19 patient in Indonesia. On 30 May, a centenarian from Surabaya had recovered, making her the oldest person to recover from COVID-19 in the country.

Classifications

Cases

Since 14 July 2020, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia classifies people involved with COVID-19 into four levels:
Other classifications include:
According to the Ministry of Domestic Affairs, a regency or municipality may be classified into three levels depending on the severity of COVID-19 cases within the region, according to these parameters:
Each has a score of 15 points for increasing trends, 20 for stationary trends, and 25 for decreasing trends.
The three levels will be assigned to a specific region:

Suspected cases

Several travellers who had visited or transited through Bali later tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 shortly after their return to China, Japan, New Zealand, and Singapore.
An additional 50 to 70 people were put under surveillance after coming into contact with the first two confirmed COVID-19 patients. This number includes those who had visited Mitra Keluarga Hospital in Depok, the hospital the two confirmed patients were previously admitted to before being transferred to North Jakarta.
A 37-year-old man who died in a hospital in Semarang suspected of having COVID-19 reportedly tested negative, and was instead afflicted by swine flu, probably picked up from recent travels to Spain.
In West Sumatra, two people who returned from abroad died at Padang's Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital. On 13 March, a woman who was being treated as a suspect of COVID-19 after returning from Umrah died. On 16 March, a 47-year-old man from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia landed at Minangkabau International Airport, showing symptoms of COVID-19. He was subsequently hospitalized at Padang's hospital and died on the same day.

Responses

Central government

Indonesia banned all flights from and to Mainland China starting from 5 February. The government also stopped giving free visa and visa on arrival for Chinese nationals. Those who live or have stayed in Mainland China in the previous 14 days have been barred from entering or transiting through Indonesia. Indonesians are discouraged from travelling to China.
Starting on 8 March, travel restrictions expanded to include Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do in South Korea, Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna regions of Italy, and Tehran and Qom in Iran. Visitors with travel history within these countries but outside the aforementioned regions have to provide a valid health certificate during check in for all transportation into Indonesia. Despite the restriction on travellers from South Korea, Indonesia is still allowing flights from the country.
The Ministry of Health ordered the installation of thermal scanners for at least 135 airport gates and port docks, and announced that provisioning over 100 hospitals with isolation rooms would begin. Starting on 4 March, Jakarta MRT also began scanning the temperature of passengers entering the stations and denying access to those with symptoms of high fever. Other public places such as mall and school also began to scan people at all their entrances.
After the first victim died, the Indonesian government admitted that they have difficulties in detect incoming imported cases on airports, doing contact tracing and also location history for each case.
The Indonesian government plans to turn a site on Galang Island, previously used as a refugee camp for Vietnamese asylum seekers into a 1,000-bed medical facility specially equipped to handle the coronavirus outbreak and other infectious diseases.
On 13 March, the government designated 132 treatment facilities across Indonesia. On 18 March, 227 additional hospitals are provisioned to cover more patients across the country. The government also established the COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force. :id:Doni Monardo|Doni Monardo has been appointed to lead this team. On the same day, Minister of Home Affairs Tito Karnavian urged all of Indonesian regional leaders to suspend all non-essential travel to foreign country.
On 15 March, President Widodo has called on all Indonesians to practice what epidemiologists call social distancing to slow the spread of COVID-19 in the country. Indonesian tax authorities announced that they will move back the tax reporting deadline to 30 April 2020.
On 16 March, the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises instructed its employees ages 50 and above to work from home. President Joko Widodo also clarified that the decision to implement lockdown on cities or regencies are only to be made after consultation with the central government.
As schools were closing in some regions, Minister of Education Nadiem Makarim announced readiness of the Ministry of Education to assist schools in online learning by providing free teaching platforms. Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani also announced a shifting of infrastructure budget of 1 trillion IDR into healthcare and pandemic prevention.
On 17 March, COVID-19 health protocols have been released to public. Ministry of Foreign Affairs also expanded the travel restriction to temporary abolish visa free entry to Indonesia for one month and deny transit or arrival for visitors who have been in Iran, Italy, Vatican City, Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, and United Kingdom within the past 14 days.
On 18 March, the government launched site, an official source of accurate information on controlling the spread of coronavirus in Indonesia. On the same day, The Ministry of Finance also announced that Kemayoran Athletes Village, a former athlete's housing for the 2018 Asian Games will be converted to house COVID-19 patients who show only mild symptoms after consultation from doctors. The conversion was officially completed on 23 March.
On 19 March, Bank of Indonesia decided to slash the bank rate to 4.5%, in addition to 6 other fiscal policies, in the attempt to shore up the economy amidst the COVID-19 crisis. On the same day, the chief of the Indonesian National Police Idham Azis published a notice for all policeman to enforce social distancing by dispersing assemblies at public places.
On 27 March, the government is mulling over a plan to ban this year's Idul Fitri mudik to prevent city dwellers from spreading the coronavirus to towns and villages across the archipelago.
On 30 March, President Widodo refuses to impose lockdown on Jakarta. Bus routes connecting Jakarta and other cities and provinces will remain open following the cancellation of a plan to temporarily suspend operations of Greater Jakarta-based intercity and interprovincial buses.
On 31 March, Indonesia announces Rp 405 trillion COVID-19 budget, anticipates a 5% deficit in a historic move. The government will allocate Rp 75 trillion for healthcare spending, Rp 110 trillion for social protection, and Rp 70.1 trillion for tax incentives and credit for enterprises. The biggest chunk, Rp 150 trillion, will be set aside for economic recovery programs including credit restructuring and financing for small and medium businesses.
On 13 April, President Joko Widodo declared COVID-19 as a national disaster after it infected 4,557 individuals and caused 399 deaths in Indonesia. Prof. Mahfud MD as Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs said its national disaster cannot be based for force majeure.
On 21 April, President Joko Widodo announced his decision to ban the Idul Fitri mudik starting from 24 April to curb the spread of COVID-19 ahead of Ramadan. To help with this effort, travel by intercity bus travel is banned until 31 May, commercial and charter flights until 1 June, sea transportation until 8 June, and long-distance passenger trains until 15 June.
In late April, President Widodo asked the United States for medical equipments, including ventilators via phone call to President Donald Trump. To which President Trump, in April 24, responded he will provide and also reiterated the intent to strengthen economic cooperation between the two.

Stimulus policy

To reduce the impact of COVID-19 pandemic to the national economy, the government releases an IDR 10.3 trillion stimulus policy to the tourism sector, in the form of ticket price discounts and restaurant tax deductions.
The IDR 10.3 trillion budget is given to provide discounted ticket prices for 10 tourist destinations, such as Batam, Denpasar, Yogyakarta, Labuan Bajo, Lombok, Malang, Manado, Lake Toba, Tanjung Pandan, and Tanjungpinang, which applies from March to May 2020. Ticket prices for low-cost airlines are discounted by 50%, medium-service by 48%, and full-service by 45%. Specifically for this ticket price discount, the stimulus fund comes from the IDR 444.39 billion-state budget for a discounted value of 30% and 25% of passengers per flight. Additionally, there are additional ticket discounts paid by Angkasa Pura I and Angkasa Pura II in the amount of Rp100 billion and PT Pertamina in the amount of Rp260 billion through avtur price discounts, so the total ticket price stimulus is IDR 960 billion so that the ticket price can be discounted by 50%.
The stimulus in the form of restaurant taxes borne by the central government was also provided with a value of Rp3.3 trillion. Thus, there is no restaurant tax in the ten tourist destinations above, but as compensation, the local government will get a grant from the central government.

Regional government

Area of emergency

Specific regions can apply for a request for large-scale social restrictions to the Ministry of Health alongside proof of endemic and mitigation steps. Should it be approved, a date will be set by the local government and will run for at least two weeks.
Under the current restrictions, all public transportation options must operate with reduced hours and capacity. Non-essential businesses and stores are required to be closed. Restaurants and food stalls are open for takeaway and delivery only; markets and essential business can may open with social distancing. Depending on the area, private transportation requires a limitation of passengers and a mask obligation will also be in effect.''
NoRegionProvinceApproval DateDurationRegion-specific restrictions
1JakartaDKI Jakarta10 April 202010 April–22 MayA maximum of two people of the same household may ride on a motorcycle. Motorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited. Assembly of maximum 5 people. Public transportation run from 06:00 to 18:00.
2Bogor CityWest Java11 April 202015 April–12 MayOnly one person may ride on a motorcycle. Motorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited. Assembly of maximum 5 people. Public transportation run from 06:00 to 18:00. Commuter line travel allowed only with letter of assignment from companies operating essential services.
3Bogor RegencyWest Java11 April 202015 April–12 MayOnly one person may ride on a motorcycle. Motorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited. Assembly of maximum 5 people. Public transportation run from 06:00 to 18:00. Commuter line travel allowed only with letter of assignment from companies operating essential services.
4DepokWest Java11 April 202015 April–12 MayOnly one person may ride on a motorcycle. Motorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited. Assembly of maximum 5 people. Public transportation run from 06:00 to 18:00. Commuter line travel allowed only with letter of assignment from companies operating essential services.
5Bekasi CityWest Java11 April 202015 April–12 MayOnly one person may ride on a motorcycle. Motorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited. Assembly of maximum 5 people. Public transportation run from 06:00 to 18:00. Commuter line travel allowed only with letter of assignment from companies operating essential services.
6Bekasi RegencyWest Java11 April 202015 April–12 MayOnly one person may ride on a motorcycle. Motorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited. Assembly of maximum 5 people. Public transportation run from 06:00 to 18:00. Commuter line travel allowed only with letter of assignment from companies operating essential services.
7South TangerangBanten12 April 202018 April–17 MayOnly one person may ride on a motorcycle. Motorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited. Assembly of maximum 5 people. Public transportation run from 06:00 to 18:00. Commuter line travel allowed only with letter of assignment from companies operating essential services.
8Tangerang CityBanten12 April 202018 April–17 MayOnly one person may ride on a motorcycle. Motorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited. Assembly of maximum 5 people. Public transportation run from 06:00 to 18:00. Commuter line travel allowed only with letter of assignment from companies operating essential services.
9Tangerang RegencyBanten12 April 202018 April–17 MayOnly one person may ride on a motorcycle. Motorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited. Assembly of maximum 5 people. Public transportation run from 06:00 to 18:00. Commuter line travel allowed only with letter of assignment from companies operating essential services.
10PekanbaruRiau12 April 202017 April–14 MayCurfew from 20:00 to 05:00.
11MakassarSouth Sulawesi16 April 202024 April–21 May
12Bandung CityWest Java17 April 202022 April–5 MayMotorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited.
13Bandung RegencyWest Java17 April 202022 April–5 MayMotorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited.
14West Bandung RegencyWest Java17 April 202022 April–5 MayMotorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited.
15CimahiWest Java17 April 202022 April–5 MayMotorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited.
16Sumedang RegencyWest Java17 April 202022 April–5 MayMotorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited.
17All regions in the provinceWest Sumatra17 April 202022 April–5 MayMotorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited.
18TegalCentral Java17 April 202023 April–22 MayMotorcycle taxi for passengers prohibited.
19BanjarmasinSouth Kalimantan19 April 202024 April-21 May
20TarakanNorth Kalimantan19 April 202026 April-30 MayNo passenger transportation for all ships docking at Tarakan. Curfew from 20:00-06:00.
21SurabayaEast Java21 April 202028 April–25 May
22SidoarjoEast Java21 April 202028 April–25 May
23GresikEast Java21 April 202028 April–25 May
24All regions in the provinceWest Java1 May 20206 May–19 May
25Palangka RayaCentral Kalimantan11 May–25 May

NoRegionProvinceDate of Rejection
1PalangkarayaCentral Kalimantan12 April 2020
2Rote Ndao RegencyEast Nusa Tenggara12 April 2020
3Mimika RegencyPapua12 April 2020
4FakfakWest Papua12 April 2020
5SorongWest Papua12 April 2020
6Fakfak RegencyWest Papua16 April 2020
7Bolaang Mongondow RegencyNorth Sulawesi16 April 2020

Aceh

On 12 March, acting Aceh governor Nova Iriansyah advised Acehnese to stay away from vices and activities that are incompatible with religious and Islamic sharia values.
On 15 March, due to the rapid rise of the number of coronavirus infections in the country, the province of Aceh decided to close schools until further notice.
On 16 March, the city of Sabang started to implement travel restrictions to forbid foreign visitors from traveling to their city.
On 20 March, Nova Iriansyah declared a "province-scale" state of emergency in Aceh for 71 days, lasting until 29 May.

Banten

On 15 March, Governor of Banten Wahidin Halim declares "extraordinary event" and decides to close all schools for 2 weeks.

Central Java

On 13 March, the city of Solo in Central Java decided to close all primary schools and junior high school's for next 2 weeks, after three positive cases are found in the city. The mayor of Solo F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo has also declared that the area is under "extraordinary event". On the same day, the Regency of Sragen decided to close all schools from kindergarten to junior high school throughout the regency for at least a week, while closure of senior high school in the regency would be decided by the provincial government.
On 14 March, Central Java governor Ganjar Pranowo decided to close all kindergarten to junior high schools in the province. High schools would remain open during the examination season. The city of Salatiga followed the same decision on 15 March. The city government would also provide a total of Rp. 3 billion for medical support.
On 25 March, the governor announced that schools under control of the provincial government will postpone their opening until 13 April.
On 26 March, the city of Solo, Semarang, Salatiga, and Sukoharjo Regency announced that kindergarten, primary, and junior high school's opening will be postponed until 13 April.
On 27 March, despite statements from President Jokowi that lockdowns are the authority of the central government, mayor of Tegal Dedy Yon Supriyono announced that Tegal would be on lockdown. He ordered that 49 road access to the city to be barricaded with movable concrete barriers, and visitors from outside will be thoroughly checked and have to undergo a 14-day quarantine period. On the other hand, the Governor of Central Java Ganjar Pranowo insisted that the blockade will only happen at some part of the city of Tegal, not on the whole city.

DKI Jakarta

On 2 March, in response to the confirmed cases, DKI Jakarta governor Anies Baswedan halted the issuance of permits for large gatherings. These including concerts by Foals, Babymetal, Head in the Clouds, and Dream Theater.
On 13 March, after 69 positive COVID-19 cases, several tourist destinations in Jakarta including Ancol Dreamland, multiple government-managed museums, Ragunan Zoo and Monas were closed for 2 weeks. The Islamic organization Muhammadiyah formed a "command centre" allocating 20 hospitals in the country to handle the outbreak, with the centre being led by emergency medicine specialist Corona Rintawan.
On 14 March, Jakarta governor Anies Baswedan decided to suspend all school activities and examinations for two weeks in response to prevent further spread of the virus in the capital city of Jakarta.
On 15 March, Jakarta provincial government prepared 500 to 1,000 beds for patient under investigation that will be placed on designated COVID-19 treatment facilities.
On 16 March, MRT Jakarta, LRT and Transjakarta started to reduce number of trips, corridors and timetables, however, this policy was retracted due to long queue in many bus stops and train stations in morning. Odd-even policy will be halted during outbreak.
On 20 March, Anies Baswedan declared a state of emergency in Jakarta for the next 14 days, lasting until 2 April.
On 28 March, Jakarta provincial government extends the state of emergency until 19 April.
On 2 April, Anies Baswedan Allocates Rp3tn to Fight Coronavirus Outbreak, and the budget will be used to fund the city's fight against the virus up until May this year, by gradually allocating Rp1.3 trillion and an additional Rp2 trillion
Jakarta's application for curfew was approved by the Ministry of Health on 7 April and is set to take effect from Friday, 10 April for at least two weeks.
On 21 April, Jakarta Govt Prepares 136 Schools as Isolation Area for COVID-19 and the policy is currently still a proposal waiting for approval from the Education Office.

East Java

On 15 March, the city of Malang announced that they will close all schools for two weeks. The closure will begin on 16 March.
On the same day, the Governor of East Java Khofifah Indar Parawansa ordered the closure of all schools throughout the province. Educational institutions were advised to cancel any kind of student exchange until an indefinite time. However national examination in the province would not be postponed.
On 16 March, the mayor of Malang Sutiaji decided to close all access to the city, starting on 18 March. As of 16 March, there is no positive COVID-19 in Malang or the province of East Java. He would later clarify that the lockdown only applies to the government of Malang, not the general populace.
On 20 March, Khofifah declared a state of emergency for East Java.

North Sumatra

On 31 March, the provincial government of North Sumatra declared a state of emergency until 29 May 2020.

Papua

On 24 March, the provincial government of Papua decided to close any in and out access to Papua except for logistics and medical workers starting from 26 March for 14 days. Indonesian Minister of Home Affairs Tito Karnavian disagreed with the decision, saying that the central government's advice to the regional governments is not to close transportation, but to ban mass gatherings.

South Sumatra

On 30 March, Jakabaring Athletes Village, a former athlete's housing for the 2018 Asian Games in Palembang, was appointed by the Governor of South Sumatera Herman Deru to be the house of PUM's treatment. He named it as "COVID-19 Healthy House".

West Java

On 14 March, the city of Depok and Bogor decided to close all schools from kindergarten to senior high school until 28 March 2020. This decision was also followed by the city of Bandung, in which the city opted to close schools for the next two weeks and advised schools to hold online teachings.
On 15 March, has been released to public. The Regency of Bogor implement "semi-lockdown" on tourist area Puncak for foreign visitors, to prevent them from entering the area. Jalak Harupat, Pakansari and Patriot Chandrabragha stadiums are being prepared for COVID-19 Mass Rapid Test.
Applications for large-scale social distancing for Depok city, Bogor city & regency, and Bekasi city & regency, all of which belong to the Jakarta metropolitan area, were approved on 11 April and will be in effect on 15 April for at least two weeks.

West Kalimantan

On 15 March, the governor decided to impose quarantine for all students from kindergarten to senior high school level in the province until a date which is yet to be decided. During the quarantine period, students must stay at their homes for studying. An exception is given for final year senior/vocational high school students on their respective national final examinations date.

Others

Universities

In response of the outbreak, multiple universities opted to cancel classes and instead would teach students online.
On 16 March, at least 17 universities across Indonesia confirmed that conventional face-to-face lectures would be cancelled and would be replaced by online classes. Graduations and gatherings were cancelled and students and lecturers who had gone abroad from countries with confirmed coronavirus cases with any reasons should self-isolate at home. As of 14 March, numerous universities have closed their classes, such as Universitas Indonesia, Universitas Gajah Mada, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, :id:Universitas Gunadarma|Universitas Gunadharma, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi Negara, :id:Kalbis Institute|Kalbis Institut, Binus University, Universitas Atmajaya, :id:STIKOM The London School of Public Relations|London School Public Relations, Universitas Yarsi, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Telkom University, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Universitas Hasanuddin, Universitas Tarumanegara, Institut Pertanian Bogor, and :id:Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia|Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia.University of Brawijaya, a university in Malang, creates a disinfection chamber as an effort to contain the coronavirus.

Corporations

On 14 March, Tokopedia and Gojek have begun trial for work at home operations.
On 15 March, Unilever Indonesia announced work-from-home policy for their office site, this policy will be started on 16 March until further notice.
On 16 March, Telkomsel, Bank Mandiri, Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre and Bank Indonesia announced work-from-home and split-team policy, these policies will be started on 17 March until further notice.
On 28 March, Indonesia Air Asia suspend all domestic and international flights to overcome spread of pandemic. All domestic flights suspended between 1 April and 21 April 2020 while international flights between 1 April and 17 May 2020. AirAsia to resume operations in Indonesia on 7 May.
Mayapada Group founder, Dato Sri Tahir donated Rp. 52b in form of Personal protective equipment, medical drugs, disinfectant, operational vehicles and also accommodation.
On 31 March, Grab donated US$10 Mio to reduce COVID-19 impact in Indonesia.

Societal organizations

On 16 March, Indonesian Council of Ulama and Muhammadiyah urge to substitute Friday prayer with Zuhr prayer and not to attend any religious activities within heavily virus-plagued areas.
On 31 March, Muhammadiyah advises Muslims to not perform tarawih in Ramadan and Idul Fitri prayers.

Travel restrictions

Indonesia has denied transit and entry for all foreign visitors since 2 April.
Indonesians who returned from China, South Korea, Italy, Iran, United Kingdom, Vatican City, France, Spain, Germany, and Switzerland were subject to additional health screening and a 14-day stay-at-home notice or quarantine depending on appearing symptoms.
Garuda Indonesia, Citilink, Lion Air, Batik Air, and Sriwijaya Air cancelled several flights and grounded their aircraft. Meanwhile Indonesia AirAsia cancelled all flights. International airlines have either temporarily suspended services or continue operating with reduced frequency. Other airlines such as China Airlines and Etihad Airways choose to continue their services as usual.
From 24 April until 8 June, the government suspends all passenger to travel outside areas with at least one confirmed case, regions that had imposed large-scale social restrictions, and those that had been declared COVID-19 red zones. The ban applies to all types of public and private transportation by air, sea, land, and railway, except for vehicles carrying leaders of state institutions, police and military vehicles, ambulances, fire trucks, hearses and vehicles transporting logistical supplies, staple goods and medicines.

Criticism

Failure to detect the virus

Health experts are concerned that the country is failing to identify the transmission of the virus. Marc Lipsitch, professor of epidemiology at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, "analysed air traffic out of the Chinese city at the centre of the outbreak in China and suggested in a report... that Indonesia might have missed cases" of coronavirus disease 2019. Western diplomats as well as local and international news outlets postulated that the lack of cases within Indonesia result from inadequate testing and under reporting, as opposed to sheer luck and divine intervention.
On 22 March, a research suggested that the official number of infections may only reflect 2% of the real COVID-19 infections in Indonesia. According to The Jakarta Post on 5 April 2020, the central government has only conducted a daily average of 240 PCR tests since 2 March.

Budget for foreign social media influencers

The government faced backlash after instead pledging to set aside IDR 72 billion to pay for social media influencers to attract tourists to Indonesia.

Lack of transparency

Indonesian president Joko Widodo is also criticized by Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, human rights groups, and also by political party such as Golkar and PKS for lack of transparency regarding the information of the COVID-19. Widodo have insisted not to share the travel history details of the patients that tested positive with coronavirus in an attempt to reduce panic and uneasiness in the general public. The public had asked the government to release official national map of COVID-19 confirmed cases' location, as unofficial independent maps may provide incorrect data.

Tests and treatment

Reports have surfaced about patients in Greater Jakarta having to wait for a long time to get tests or treatment for possible cases of the novel coronavirus disease as referral hospitals face the increasing strain.

Lockdown policies

Joko Widodo has come under increased pressure to impose a partial lockdown on virus-plagued areas, with scientists saying the country is racing against time to curb the spread of COVID-19 before Eid al-Fitr and that a community quarantine could be the only solution to do exactly that. On 16 March, Jokowi said lockdown policies are the authority of the central government, and warned the local government to not impose lockdown without the consent of the central authority.
On 27 March, dozens of Indonesian medical professors have called for "local lockdowns", saying that the government's policy of physical distancing is not "effective". The government is drafting a regulation to stipulate the procedures and requirements for imposing regional quarantines.

Censorship

Some critics of the government have been arrested for allegedly spreading false information about the coronavirus pandemic.

Additional death rates excluded from official counts

According to a report from Reuters, as of 28 April 2020, there were around 2,200 patients who had died with coronavirus symptoms, but not included into the official death toll of 693. This suggests that Indonesia has a higher death rate than the official counts. An analysis by Financial Times showed that there were 1,400 more deaths in Jakarta compared to the historical average number of deaths in March and April. This excess deaths figure is 15 times the official figure of 90 COVID-19 deaths in this same period.

Evasion of travel restrictions

"Ramadan exodus" contributed to the spread of the virus in Indonesia, despite government regulations on social distancing and despite a lockdown slated to run until June.
Also, despite the travel restrictions which suspends all passengers to travel outside areas with at least one confirmed case, many Indonesians disregarded it and have attempted to evade the travel restrictions in order to return to hometown during Eid al-Fitr season. This has caused scientists to raise concern that this evasion will lead to the diseases which can spread easily from Jakarta and nearby satellite cities, where it is the epicenter of the pandemic, to other regions of Indonesia with weak medical facilities which are unable to handle large numbers of outbreak.
There are also few attempts on evading the travel restrictions which had been discovered by the police department, such as one of the cargo trucks was stopped only to found out the intermodal container is hiding a car with passengers inside to be transported from Java to Sumatra, and additional four cargo trucks were also detained when the driver attempting to bring 20 passengers from Jakarta inside the containers which were covered with tarpaulin.

Lack of safety in tobacco industries

Despite the temporary closure of the HM Sampoerna due to two workers died from coronavirus, with additional 63 workers were test positive, Pandu Riono, the epidemiologist from University of Indonesia reported that other cigarette factories in East and West Java continue to operate without practicing social distancing and workers never wear face mask. This sparks concern that the cigarette factories could create new cluster for the coronavirus outbreak considering that this industry usually has large workforce.

Impact

Socioeconomic

in Indonesia have soared in price by over six times the original retail value from around IDR 30,000 to IDR 185,000 per box in some outlets after the announcement of two citizens test positive for the new coronavirus. Panic buying had been reported since mid-February before the first cases were confirmed. President of Indonesia Joko Widodo has warned against hoarding of face masks and hand sanitizers and Indonesian National Police has started to crack down on suspected hoarders.

Census

Economic

Following the worldwide trend of stock price drops, the IDX Composite weakened even before the first confirmation of the disease in Indonesia. In response to expected economic slowdown in Indonesia due to loss of Chinese economic activity, Bank Indonesia cut its interest rates by 25 basis points to 4.75% on 20 February.
On 12 March, as WHO declares pandemic, IDX Composite tumbled 4.2 percent to 4,937 when Thursday's session was opened, a level unseen in almost four years.
On 13 March, equity trading halted for first time since 2008 over pandemic.
On 17 March, Rupiah weakens to IDR 15,000 per dollar, touching a level unseen since October 2018.On 19 March, IDX Composite halted because of the sharp downturn of more than 5 percent. This is the fourth trading halt that IDX Composite experienced during the coronavirus crisis. Indonesia Financial Service Authority or OJK have mandated a suspension of trading if IDX Composite fell down more than 15 percent.
Numbers of shopping malls started to voluntarily close due to declining foot traffic; only pharmacies, groceries and ATM still operate with limited hours.
Indonesian Finance Minister predicted that Indonesian economic growth Q2 can drop to 0.3 percent or even minus 2.6 percent, but in Q3 can recover to 1.5 to 2.8 percent.
Indonesia's economic growth in the first quarter of 2020 stood at 2.97 percent, but it is the weakest economic growth recorded since 2001.

Sports, tourism, and leisure

Indonesian tourism has been severely affected. In March, overall tourist numbers has fallen by 64%, and Chinese tourists by 97%. Bali, where tourism accounts for 60% of GRP, has saw its foreign tourist arrivals fallen by 93.2% in April. Hotels are taking on a meager occupancy rate, with some hotels experiencing 5% and even 0% occupancy rate due to overspecialization on Chinese visitors, increasing travel restrictions from source countries, and an overall fear of the virus. There is, however, an increase in interest for domestic tourism, and Chinese tourists already on the island have generally opted to extend their stay. All beaches in Bali are temporarily closed for public.
The 2020 edition of the National Sports Week in Papua, which was initially slated for October, will be postponed. Jakarta ePrix race of the 2019–20 Formula E season will also be postponed due to coronavirus concerns. The city's Capital Investment and One-Stop Service announced it plans to postpone any public events with mass-gatherings from March to April following the news of increasing number of COVID-19 cases to 27.
Numerous music events such has by Rich Brian, Hammersonic, Dream Theater, Babymetal, Slipknot, ONE OK ROCK, and electronic dance music festival "We Are Connected" has been suspended in the country because of the coronavirus concerns.
Several local films, such as KKN di Desa Penari, Tersanjung The Movie, and Generasi 90-an: Melankolia, has been delayed, also because of the novel coronavirus pandemic.
Indonesia International Motor Show 2020 will be postponed due to the coronavirus crisis.
Indonesian Wikipedia gathering called ":meta:WikiNusantara 2020|WikiNusantara" scheduled at the end of March in Padang is cancelled.

Notable people

Confirmed cases


NoNameAnnouncement dateStatusStatus dateNote
1Muhammad Budi Hidayat13 March 2020Recovered25 March 2020Head of Class I Port Health Office of Surabaya
2Budi Karya Sumadi14 March 2020Recovered15 April 2020Minister of Transportation
318 March 2020Recovered5 April 2020Actress
4Bima Arya Sugiarto19 March 2020Recovered11 April 2020Mayor of Bogor
520 March 2020Recovered26 March 2020Actor
6Yana Mulyana23 March 2020Recovered27 March 2020Vice Mayor of Bandung
7Cellica Nurrachadiana24 March 2020Recovered13 April 2020Regent of Karawang
8Zulfikri24 March 2020Recovered28 April 2020Director General of Railroad Affairs, Ministry of Transportation
9Lely Pelitasari24 March 2020Recovered8 April 2020Vice Chair of
10Ninik Rahayu24 March 2020Recovered8 April 2020Member of the Ombudsman of Indonesia
11Idrus Andi Paturusi25 March 2020Recovered2 April 2020Former rector of Hasanuddin University
12Wander Luiz27 March 2020Recovered15 April 2020Football player for Persib Bandung
13Muhammad Ichsan Mustari27 March 2020Recovered7 April 2020Head of Health Office of South Sulawesi
14Yayan Yuliana28 March 2020Recovered14 April 2020Head of Environment Office of Bekasi
15Elisa Bunga Allo29 March 2020Recovered7 April 2020Member of Regional People's Representative Council of Central Sulawesi
1630 March 2020Recovered10 April 2020Business motivator
17Hera Nugrahayu1 April 2020Recovered24 May 2020Regional Secretary of Palangka Raya
18Andi Darussalam Tabusalla7 April 2020Recovered21 April 2020Former Indonesia national football team manager
19Reni Indayani12 April 2020Recovered13 May 2020Wife of Vice Mayor of Prabumulih
20Syahrul13 April 2020Deceased28 April 2020Mayor of Tanjung Pinang
2115 April 2020Recovered2 May 2020Actress
2216 April 2020Recovered29 April 2020Vice Regent of Tana Toraja
2328 April 2020Recovered20 May 2020Mayor of Palangka Raya
24Ali Ibrahim28 May 2020Recovered25 June 2020Mayor of Tidore
252 June 2020Recovered20 June 2020Regent of Melawi
2612 June 2020Recovered18 June 2020Toxinologist specializing in snake venoms and Head of Indonesian Toxinology Society
27Sulamah31 May 2020Deceased31 May 2020Wife of Mayor of Tidore

Deaths


NoDate of deathAnnouncement datePlace of deathNameStatusNotes
121 March 202022 March 2020Gatot Soebroto Army Central HospitalDjoko Judodjoko, dr., Sp.BCOVID-19
219 March 202022 March 2020CimahiToni Daniel Silitonga, dr.Fatigue – Heart Attack
322 March 2020Hadio Ali, dr., Sp.SCOVID-19
422 March 2020Adi Mirsaputra, dr., Sp.THTCOVID-19
522 March 2020Ucok Martin, dr., Sp.PCOVID-19
622 March 2020Laurentius Panggabean, dr., Sp.kJCOVID-19
722 March 202023 March 2020Eka Hospital Bumi Serpong DamaiCapt Sutopo PutroCOVID-19 Pilot of Lion Air
823 March 202023 March 2020Persahabatan Central General Hospital, East JakartaProf. Dr. Bambang Sutrisna, dr., MHScCOVID-19 Professor of Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia
924 March 202024 March 2020Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, YogyakartaProf. Iwan Dwiprahasto, dr., M.Med.Sc., Ph.D.COVID-19 Pharmacology professor of Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University
1024 March 202024 March 2020:id:Amir Sambodo|Amir SambodoCOVID-19 the ministry's expert staff member
1122 March 202025 March 2020Persahabatan Central General Hospital, East JakartaDany Unardi UmarCOVID-19 Director of PricewaterhouseCoopers Indonesia
1226 March 202026 March 2020Hasan Sadikin Hospital, BandungExenveny Lalopua, dr.COVID-19
1326 March 202027 March 2020Bekasi Regional General HospitalBartholomeus Bayu Satrio Kukuh Wibowo, dr.COVID-19
1427 March 202027 March 2020Hasan Sadikin Hospital, BandungIr. H. Gatot Tjahjono, M.M.COVID-19 Deputy Chairperson, West Java regional representative council of PDI-P
1527 March 202027 March 2020Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Central JavaImam SurosoCOVID-19 Member of Commission IX, People's Representative Council
1627 March 202027 March 2020Bogor Regional General HospitalYuniarto Budi Santosa, drg., M. km.COVID-19 Head of Health Office, Bogor City
1726 March 202027 March 2020Tangerang Regency Regional General HospitalWilly DreeskandarCOVID-19 Former automotive journalist
1812 Maret 202031 March 2020Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Diseases Hospital, North JakartaNinuk Dwi PusponingrumCOVID-19 Nurse of dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital
1930 March 202031 March 2020Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital in Palembang, South SumatraH. Efrizal Syamsudin, dr., M.M.COVID-19 Director of Prabumulih Regional General Hospital
2031 March 202031 March 2020Pelni General Hospital, West JakartaRatih Purwarini, dr.COVID-19 RS. Duta Indah Director
212 April 20202 April 2020Mintoharjo Navy Hospital, JakartaLaksma TNI dr Jeane P.M.R. WinaktuCOVID-19 Former Chief of the Navy Health Service Dr. Mintohardjo
222 April 20202 April 2020Mintoharjo Navy Hospital, JakartaLt. Col. MulatishCOVID-19 Head of the Cilandak Marine Hospital nurse department
232 April 20203 April 2020dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Central General Hospital, MakassarAptripel TumimomorCOVID-19 Regent of North Morowali
243 April 20204 April 2020RS dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassardr Bernadette Albertine Fransisca T, SpTHT-KLCOVID-19
253 April 20204 April 2020Medistra Hospital, Jakartadr Ketty Herawati SultanaCOVID-19
263 April 20204 April 2020Persahabatan Central General Hospital, JakartaDr dr Lukman Shebubakar SpOT, PhDCOVID-19 Orthopedic Doctor at Premier Bintaro Hospital
274 April 20205 April 2020Siloam Hospital Sepanjang Jaya, Rawalumbu, BekasiLukman NulhakimCOVID-19 North Bekasi Head
285 April 2020drg Umi Susana Widjaja, SpPMCOVID-19
295 April 2020drg Yuniarto Budi Santoso, MKMCOVID-19
305 April 2020drg Amutabia P Artsianti, SpOrtCOVID-19
315 April 2020drg Roselani Widajati Orang, SpProstCOVID-19
325 April 2020drg Gunawan Oentaryo, MKesCOVID-19
335 April 2020Pertamina Central Hospital, Jakartadr. Heru SutantyoPatient Under Supervision
345 April 2020Prof. Dr. dr. Nasrin Kodim, MPHCOVID-19 Professor of Epidemiology, FKM UI
355 April 2020Sugiarto, Amd, KepPatient Under SupervisionNurse of Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital
365 April 2020Harmoko, SKep Ns SH MHPatient Under SupervisionNurse of Tambak Aji Public Health Center
375 April 2020Setia Aribowo, Amd, KepPatient Under SupervisionNurse of RS Premier Bintaro
385 April 2020Mursyida, Amd, KepPatient Under SupervisionNurse of Kp. Teleng Public Health Center
395 April 2020Pelni Hospital, Jakartadr Wahyu Hidayat SpTHTPatient Under Supervision
406 April 20206 April 2020Pertamina Central Hospital, Jakartadr Naek L. Tobing, SpKJCOVID-19
417 April 20207 April 2020RS Fatmawatidr Karnely HerlenaPatient Under SupervisionHead of Elderly Women's Courts of Ministry of Health
426 April 20208 April 2020Dr Koesma Hospital, TubanZaenal Khabib, S Kep, NsPatient Under SupervisionNurse of Dr Koesma Hospital, Tuban
438 April 20208 April 2020Mitra Keluarga Hospital, Kelapa GadingAdharul Anam, S, KepPatient Under SupervisionNurse of Mitra Keluarga Hospital, Kelapa Gading
449 April 2020Nuria Kurniasih, AMKPatient Under SupervisionNurse of Dr Kariadi Central Hospital
459 April 2020Nur Putri Julianty, AMKPatient Under SupervisionNurse of Andhika Hospital
4625 March 202010 April 2020Murni Teguh Hospital, MedanH Syamsul Bahri Batubara, SHCOVID-19 Chairman of Commission E, Golkar fraction, North Sumatra Regional People's Representative Council
4711 April 202012 April 2020RSPAD Gatot SubrotoNoveraPatient Under SupervisionNurse of RSPAD Gatot Subroto
4811 April 202012 April 2020Eka Hospital, Bumi Serpong Damai, BantenElok WidyaningsihPatient Under SupervisionNurse of Eka Hospital, Bumi Serpong Damai, Banten
4910 April 202013 April 2020Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandungdr. Soekotjo Soerodiwirio SP, RADCOVID-19 A pioneer of radiology at Padjadjaran University and Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung
5012 April 202013 April 2020Persahabatan Central Hospital, Jakartadr. Sudadi Hirawan, MS, Sp.OkCOVID-19 Medical Teacher and fostering Occupational Medicine Specialist Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia
5113 April 202013 April 2020Capt Didiek SamihadiCOVID-19 Pilot of Sriwijaya Air
5215 April 202015 April 2020RS Ulin BanjarmasinProf. Dr. dr. H Hasan Zain SpPCOVID-19 Former director of Islamic Hospital of Banjarmasin and Ulin Regional General Hospital, Banjarmasin
5316 April 202016 April 2020Bengkuludr. Prijambodo Miloredjo, SpPPatient Under Supervision
5416 April 202016 April 2020RS Siloam Hospital, SurabayaHastuti Yulistiorini, Amd. Kep.COVID-19 Senior nurse of RS Siloam Hospital, Surabaya
5517 April 202017 April 2020Pelni Hospital, JakartaLukman NiodeCOVID-19 Former swimming athlete of the 1984 Summer Olympics
5617 April 202017 April 2020RS Premier, SurabayaMohammad NadjikhCOVID-19 Indonesian businessperson
5719 April 202019 April 2020Hasan Sadikin Hospital BandungTobias Prawira TumbuanCOVID-19 Academic assistant at dynamics lab of FTMD ITB
5819 April 202020 April 2020Tarakan Regional General Hospital, JakartaShelly Ziendia PutriPatient Under SupervisionNurse of Emergency Ambulance
5925 April 202025 April 2020Pasar Rebo Regional General Hospital, East JakartaReno Tri Palupi, AMKPatient Under SupervisionNurse of Pasar Rebo Public Regional Hospital, East Jakarta
6025 April 202026 April 2020Raden Said Sukanto Grade I Police Hospital, East Jakartadr Michael Robert MarampePatient Under SupervisionDoctor of Permata Bunda Hospital, Bekasi
6127 April 202028 April 2020dr. M. Soewandhie Regional General Hospital, SurabayaBerkatnu Indrawan Janguk, dr.COVID-19 Doctor of dr. M. Soewandhie Regional General Hospital
6228 April 202028 April 2020Raja Ahmad Tabib Regional General Hospital, Tanjung PinangSyahrulCOVID-19 Mayor of Tanjung Pinang
632 May 20203 May 2020Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Diseases Hospital, North JakartaHeri SoesiloCOVID-19 Nurse of Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Diseases Hospital
643 May 20204 May 2020Police Hospital, MakassarMuhammad Ali TappaPatient Under SupervisionPolice Inspector 2nd Class at the Makassar City Police
6511 May 202011 May 2020Persahabatan Central General Hospital, East JakartaStan IsakhPatient Under SupervisionMusician
6631 May 20201 June 2020Regional General Hospital of TernateSulamahCOVID-19 Wife of Mayor of Tidore
6731 May 20201 June 2020Undaan Wetan Adi Husada Hospital, SurabayaI. S. Tjahyadi, dr., Sp.PD.Patient Under SupervisionMedical doctor of Undaan Wetan Adi Husada Hospital