Government of Penang
The Penang state government refers to the government authority of the Malaysian state of Penang. The state government adheres to and is created by both the Malaysian federal Constitution, the supreme law of Malaysia, and the Constitution of the State of Penang, the supreme law in Penang. The government of Penang is based in the state's capital city of George Town.
The state government consists of only two branches - executive and legislative. The Penang State Executive Council forms the executive branch, whilst the Penang State Legislative Assembly is the legislature of the state government. Penang's head of government is the Chief Minister. The state government does not have a judiciary branch, as Malaysia's judicial system is a federalised system operating uniformly throughout the country.
Executive
Head of government
The Chief Minister is the head of government in Penang. He is officially appointed by the Governor, Penang's head of state, on the basis of the latter's judgement that the former commands the confidence of the majority of the State Assemblymen in the Penang State Legislative Assembly. The Chief Minister and his Executive Council shall be collectively responsible to Legislative Assembly. The Office of the Chief Minister is situated inside Komtar in George Town.The current Chief Minister of Penang is Chow Kon Yeow of the Democratic Action Party, which controls the most seats in the State Legislative Assembly among the Pakatan Harapan component parties. Chow was sworn in on 14 May 2018, after the 2018 State Election that saw the PH coalition retaining power in Penang. To this day, Penang remains the only Malaysian state where the position of the head of government has been continuously held by an ethnic Chinese since the nation's independence in 1957.
Notably, Penang is also the only Malaysian state which appoints two Deputy Chief Ministers - one representing the Malay community and the other an ethnic Indian. This serves to shape a top leadership consisting of various backgrounds, representing the diverse ethnicities of the state.
Cabinet
The Penang State Executive Council forms the executive branch of the Penang state government and is analogous in function to the Malaysian federal Cabinet. The Executive Council comprises the Chief Minister, and between four and 10 other State Assemblymen from the Penang State Legislative Assembly. Aside from these, three other ex officio members of the Executive Council are the State Secretary, the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer.Following the 2018 State Election, the members of the Executive Council are as follows.
| Name | Position | Portfolio |
| Chow Kon Yeow | Chief Minister | Land affairs and development |
| Chow Kon Yeow | Chief Minister | Transportation |
| Chow Kon Yeow | Chief Minister | Information |
| Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman | Deputy Chief Minister I | Industrial development |
| Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman | Deputy Chief Minister I | Islamic affairs |
| Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman | Deputy Chief Minister I | Community relations |
| Ramasamy Palanisamy | Deputy Chief Minister II | Economic planning |
| Ramasamy Palanisamy | Deputy Chief Minister II | Education |
| Ramasamy Palanisamy | Deputy Chief Minister II | Human resources |
| Ramasamy Palanisamy | Deputy Chief Minister II | Science, technology and innovation |
| Jagdeep Singh Deo | Executive Councillor | Local government |
| Jagdeep Singh Deo | Executive Councillor | Housing |
| Jagdeep Singh Deo | Executive Councillor | Urban and rural planning |
| Zairil Khir Johari | Executive Councillor | Flood mitigation |
| Zairil Khir Johari | Executive Councillor | Public works |
| Zairil Khir Johari | Executive Councillor | Utilities |
| Abdul Halim Hussain | Executive Councillor | Domestic and international trade |
| Abdul Halim Hussain | Executive Councillor | Consumer affairs |
| Abdul Halim Hussain | Executive Councillor | Entrepreneurial development |
| Norlela Ariffin | Executive Councillor | Health |
| Norlela Ariffin | Executive Councillor | Agriculture and agro-based industries |
| Norlela Ariffin | Executive Councillor | Rural development |
| Phee Boon Poh | Executive Councillor | Welfare |
| Phee Boon Poh | Executive Councillor | Caring society |
| Phee Boon Poh | Executive Councillor | Environment |
| Chong Eng | Executive Councillor | Women and family development |
| Chong Eng | Executive Councillor | Gender inclusiveness |
| Chong Eng | Executive Councillor | Non-Islamic religious affairs |
| Yeoh Soon Hin | Executive Councillor | Tourism development and heritage |
| Yeoh Soon Hin | Executive Councillor | Arts and culture |
| Soon Lip Chee | Executive Councillor | Youth |
| Soon Lip Chee | Executive Councillor | Sports |
Legislature
The Penang State Legislative Assembly is the legislative branch of the Penang state government. The unicameral legislature consists of 40 seats that represent the 40 state constituencies within Penang, with each constituency being represented by an elected State Assemblyman. The Legislative Assembly convenes at the Penang State Assembly Building in George Town.The legislature has a maximum mandate of five years by law and follows a multi-party system; the ruling party is elected through a first-past-the-post system. The Governor may dissolve the legislature at any time and usually does so upon the advice of the Chief Minister.
A Speaker is elected by the Legislative Assembly to preside over the proceedings and debates of the legislature. The Speaker may or may not be an elected State Assemblyman; in the case of the latter, the elected Speaker shall become a member of the Legislative Assembly additional to the elected State Assemblymen already in the legislature.