John Mercer (scientist)
John Mercer was an English dye and fabric chemist and fabric printer born in Great Harwood, Lancashire. In 1844 he developed a process for treating cotton, mercerisation, that improves many of its qualities for use in fabrics.Biography
John Mercer never went to school, he learned basic reading and writing from his neighbour. He was very fond of dyeing.
With the help of a chemistry textbook he taught himself the basics of the dyeing process. He continued to experiment, until he discovered Antimony orange. Later on he developed the mercerisation process and was admitted to the Royal Society, the Philosophical Society and the Chemical Society.
Mercer was a pioneer of research into antimicrobials, preventing the spread of cholera in Sykeside in 1847 with chloride of lime, or 'calcium hypochlorite' which is today used to disinfect public swimming pools and drinking water.
In 1814 he married Mary Wolstenholme; together they had six children. His wife died in 1859 and he afterwards became a juror to the second Great Exhibition in 1862, and a justice of the peace in Lancashire, continuing to give lectures at Clayton-le-Moors and supporting local Anglican and Methodist churches.
The 1861 census records him as a 70-year-old "Chymist", living with his son John and 12 others at 29 Burlington Hotel.. Mercer died at home in 1866 and was buried in St Bartholemew's church. Funds for his commemoration were provided by his daughter Maria and a clock tower was unveiled in Great Harwood in 1903, as well as the Mercer Hall. Mercer's cottage at Oakenshaw was donated to be a museum and park.
